Extent of Groin Dissection in Melanoma: A Mixed-Methods, Population-Based Study of Practice Patterns and Outcomes.

Melanoma metastases to the groin are frequently managed by therapeutic lymph node dissection. Evidence is lacking regarding the extent of dissection required. Thus, we sought to describe practice patterns for the use of inguinal vs. ilioinguinal dissection, as well as the perioperative/oncologic outcomes of each procedure. A mixed-methods approach was employed to evaluate surgical practice patterns. A retrospective review of three multi-site databases was carried out, together with semi-structured interviews of melanoma surgeons. A total of 347 patients who underwent dissection were reviewed. The main indications stated for adding a "deep" ilioinguinal dissection were palpable or radiologically positive disease. There was no significant difference in complications, length of stay or lymphedema between patients having inguinal vs. ilioinguinal dissection, irrespective of method of diagnosis. There was also no significant difference in recurrence, cancer-specific survival or overall survival between groups. In conclusion, ilioinguinal dissection is a safe and well-tolerated procedure, with no significant added morbidity relative to an inguinal dissection. The indications for ilioinguinal dissection currently in use produce an appropriate deep node positivity rate and ilioinguinal dissection should continue to be used selectively. Randomized data are needed to clarify the impact of ilioinguinal dissection on regional control and survival.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Regional Metastasis to Axilla or Groin Lymph Nodes: a Multicenter Outcome Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the trunk/extremities with nodal metastasis represents a rare but significant clinical challenge. Treatment patterns and outcomes are poorly described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with cSCC who developed axilla/groin lymph node metastasis and underwent curative-intent surgery between 2005 and 2015 were identified at four Canadian academic centers. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment patterns, recurrence rates, and mortality were described. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors of survival and any recurrence were explored using Cox regression and logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS: Of 43 patients, 70% were male (median age 74 years). Median follow-up was 38 months. Median time to nodal metastasis was 11.3 months. Thirty-one and 12 patients had nodal metastasis to the axilla and groin, respectively. A total of 72% and 7% received adjuvant and neoadjuvant radiation, respectively, while 5% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Following surgery, 26% patients developed nodal and/or distant disease recurrence. Crude mortality rate was 39.5%. Mean OS was 5.3 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9-6.8 years], and 5-year OS was 55.1%. Mean DFS was 4.8 years (95% CI 3.3-6.2 years), and five-year DFS was 49.3%. Any recurrence was the only independent predictor of death [p = 0.036, odds ratio (OR) = 29.5], and extracapsular extension (p = 0.028, OR = 189) and age (p = 0.017, OR = 0.823) were independent predictors of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the largest contemporary series to date of outcomes for patients with axilla/groin nodal metastases from cSCC. Despite aggressive treatment, outcomes remain modest, indicating the need for a continued multidisciplinary approach and integration of new systemic agents.

Increased health services use by severely obese patients undergoing emergency surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess perioperative outcomes in obese patients undergoing emergency surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all adult (> 17 yr) patients admitted to the acute care emergency surgery service at the University of Alberta Hospital between January 2009 and December 2011 who had a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher. Patients were divided into subgroups for analysis based on "severe" (BMI 35-39.9) and "morbid" obesity (BMI ≥ 40). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS: Data on 111 patients (55% women, median BMI 39) were included in the final analysis. Intensive care unit (ICU) support was required for 40% of patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 42% of patients, and 31% required reoperation. Overall in-hospital mortality was 17%. Morbidly obese patients had increased rates of reoperation (40% v. 23%, p = 0.05) and increased lengths of stay compared with severely obese patients (14.5 v. 6.0 d, p = 0.09). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08 per increment) and preoperative ICU stay (OR 12) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality after controlling for confounding, but BMI was not. CONCLUSION: Obese patients requiring emergency surgery represent a complex patient population at high risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Greater resources are required for their care, including ICU support, repeat surgery and prolonged ICU stay. Future studies could help identify predictors of reoperation and strategies to optimize nutrition, rehabilitation and resource allocation.

CONTEXTE: Cette étude avait pour objet d'évaluer les résultats périopératoires chez des patients obèses soumis à une chirurgie d'urgence. MÉTHODES: Nous avons passé en revue de manière rétrospective les dossiers de tous les patients adultes (> 17 ans) pris en charge par l'équipe de chirurgie d'urgence du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de l'Alberta entre janvier 2009 et décembre 2011 et dont l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) était de 35 ou plus. Aux fins de l'analyse, les patients ont été répartis en 2 groupes selon qu'ils présentaient une obésité « grave ¼ (IMC 35­39,9) ou « morbide ¼ (IMC ≥ 40). Nous avons utilisé un modèle d'analyse de régression logistique multivariée pour reconnaître les prédicteurs de la mortalité perhospitalière après avoir tenu compte des facteurs de confusion. RÉSULTANTS: L'analyse finale a porté sur les données concernant 111 patients (55 % de femmes, IMC médian 39). Il a fallu faire appel à l'Unité des soins intensifs (USI) pour 40 % des patients. Des complications postopératoires sont survenues chez 42 % des patients et 31 % ont nécessité une réopération. Dans l'ensemble, la mortalité perhospitalière a été de 17 %. Les patients atteints d'obésité morbide ont présenté des taux plus élevés de réopération (40 % c. 23 %, p = 0,05) et des séjours hospitaliers plus longs comparativement aux patients souffrant d'obésité grave (14,5 c. 6,0 jours, p = 0,09). L'âge (rapport des cotes [RC] 1,08 par palier) et un séjour préopératoire à l'USI (RC 12) ont été significativement associés à la mortalité perhospitalière après contrôle des facteurs de confusion, mais non l'IMC. CONCLUSION: Les patients obèses qui ont besoin d'une chirurgie urgente forment une population de patients complexe exposée à un risque élevé de morbidité et de mortalité périopératoires. Leurs soins requièrent plus de ressources, y compris recours à l'USI, reprise de la chirurgie et prolongation du séjour à l'USI. D'autres études pourraient aider à recenser les prédicteurs des réopérations et à trouver des stratégies d'optimisation de la nutrition, de la réadaptation et de l'attribution des ressources.