RESUMO
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occurs spontaneously in humans and various animal species, including horses. In humans, obtaining tissue samples is challenging and clinical symptoms appear late in the disease progression. Therefore, genetically modified, induced, and naturally occurring animal models play a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions for TMJ OA. Among the naturally occurring models, the equine TMJ OA model is characterized by slow, age-related progression, a wide range of clinical examinations, and imaging modalities that can be performed on horses, as well as easy tissue and synovial fluid collection. The morphological and functional similarities of TMJ structures in both species make the equine model of TMJ OA an excellent opportunity to track disease progression and response to treatment. However, much work remains to be carried out to determine the utility of human TMJ OA biomarkers in horses. Among the main TMJ OA biomarkers, IL-1, IL-6, TGF-ß, TNF-α, and PGE2 have been recently investigated in the equine model. However, the majority of biomarkers for cartilage degradation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and TMJ overload-as well as any of the main signaling pathways-have not been studied so far. Therefore, it would be advisable to focus further research on equine specimens, considering both mediators and signaling.
RESUMO
Background: The only complete and validated tool for evaluating professional orchestra musicians is the English-language Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for professional orchestra Musicians (MPIIQM) questionnaire, which, in recent years, has been translated, adapted, and validated in other languages. The aim of the study was to validate the online version of the Polish version of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM-P). Materials and Methods: The group included 182 professional musicians. The respondents were asked to complete the MPIIQM-P, BPI, and QuickDash questionnaires twice within an interval of 4 days. The questionnaires were created in the web form creator-Google Form. Results: The EFA analysis showed a two-factor structure of the questionnaire consisting of factor 1-pain intensity and factor 2-pain interference. The internal agreement of the factors identified in the EFA analysis was measured by the α Cronbach index reaching from 0.813 to 0.913. The intraclass correlation coefficient of both factors ranged from 0.276 to 0.583. The analysis of convergent and divergent validity between the subscales of the questionnaire value ranged from 0.414 to 0.925. Conclusions: The online version of the MPIIQM-P questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of musculoskeletal pain and interference. The online MPIIQM-P questionnaire maintains the psychometric properties previously defined for the paper version.
