RESUMO
The common fragile sites (CFSs) are large regions of profound genomic instability found in all individuals. A number of the CFSs have been found to span genes that extend over large genomic regions (>700 kb). The expression of these genes is frequently abrogated in a number of different cancers and several of them have already been shown to function as tumor suppressor genes, both in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed the expression of 14 large CFS genes in two distinct groups of head and neck cancers using real-time RT-PCR. The first were oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and the second were base of tongue/tonsillar (oropharyngeal) SCCs. These two groups were previously examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and while 46% of the oropharyngeal cancers were positive for HPV16 only one of 52 oral cancers contained HPV16 sequences. We observed a distinct pattern of loss of expression of the large CFS genes in the two groups of head and neck cancers. In addition, there was no correlation between the relative instability in different CFS regions and which genes were inactivated. Thus, this report demonstrates another distinction between these two groups of head and neck cancer. In addition, it suggests that there is selection for loss of expression of specific CFS genes in these cancers.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Sítios Frágeis do Cromossomo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias da Língua/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Oral ulcerations can be both a localized disease entity and a manifestation of an underlying systemic condition. In individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, oral ulceration may serve as a marker for a specific systemic illness, early immunosuppression, and disease progression. This article reviews clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of oral ulcerations in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Úlceras Orais , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/terapia , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Candidíase Bucal/diagnóstico , Candidíase Bucal/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progressão da Doença , Infecções por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/etiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/complicações , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Úlceras Orais/diagnóstico , Úlceras Orais/etiologia , Úlceras Orais/microbiologia , Úlceras Orais/terapia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/complicações , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnósticoRESUMO
The management of orbital blow-out fractures has long been controversial. There are primarily two methods of treatment. One is a conservative approach that delays any kind of initial surgical intervention on the basis that most situations attributable to blow-out fractures resolve over time, obviating the need for surgery. On the other hand, initial aggressive surgical repair of blow-out fracture injuries is much more successful than secondary reconstructive procedures. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both treatment methods.