[Age-related changes in light microscopy with Sirius red technique in rat Achilles tendon]. / Siçan Asil tendonunda yasa bagli degisikliklerin isik mikroskobunda Sirius kirmizi teknigi ile incelenmesi.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, age-related morphological changes in intact rat Achilles tendon was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar albino rats of 2-3 weeks, six months and 12 months old groups 10 animal in each group were examined with Sirius red light microscobic staining. RESULTS: The Sirius red light microscobic staining revealed that red stained collagen fibers have a decreased waviness with more rounded appearence of tenocyte nuclei, extracellular matrix along a increased vascularity and the number of tenocytes decreased with age was statistically meaningfull. CONCLUSION: The possible causes of the spontaneously Achilles tendon rupture in adult ages group was investigated with Sirius red light microscopic technique. In this age group, initiation of the degenerative changes are decreasing the elasticity thus function of this tendon.

Dose-related immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes after oral methylphenidate administration in cerebrum and cerebellum of the rat.

Methylphenidate is a piperidine derivative and is the drug most often used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder of children and young adults. Our aim is to investigate dose-dependent dopamine-2 receptor and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and ultrastructural changes of the rat brain, to demonstrate possible toxicity of the long-term and high dose use of the methylphenidate. In this study, 27 female prepubertal Wistar albino rats, divided into three different dose groups (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) were treated orally with methylphenidate dissolved in saline solution for 5 days per week during 3 months. At the end of the third month, tissues were removed and sections were collected for immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. We believe that methylphenidate causes dose-related activation of the dopaminergic system in several brain regions especially in ventral tegmental area and also causing neuronal degeneration and capillary wall structural changes such as basal membrane thickness and augmentation of the pinostatic vesicle in the endothelial cells. Also, increased dose of Ritalin is inducing astrocytes hypertrophy especially astrogliosis in pia-glial membrane and this is the result of the degenerative changes in prefrontal cortex region due to high dose methylphenidate administration. The dose-related accumulation of the astrocytes in capillary wall might well be a consequence of the need for nutrition of the neuronal tissue, due to transport mechanism deficiency related to neuronal and vascular degeneration. Thus, we believe that the therapeutic dose of methylphenidate must be kept in minimum level to prevent ultrastructural changes.

Morphometric study of a horseshoe kidney.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a horseshoe kidney, a congenital anomaly of the upper urinary tract. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A case study of horseshoe kidney harvested from a 62-year-old cadaver at Gazi University Medical School is presented. RESULTS: The right and left kidneys were fused at their lower poles by a parenchymal isthmus located ventral to the abdominal aorta and formed a U-shape with two unequal arms. The isthmus of the ectopic kidney was placed obliquely to the left at the level of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. The left kidney was larger and longer than the right one. The kidneys were supplied by three renal arteries arising from the abdominal aorta. Two arteries on the right side supplied blood of the two kidneys, while the third artery that directly originated from the aorta, above the origin of inferior mesenteric artery, supplied the isthmus. Venous drainage of the both kidneys and the isthmus were drained by three veins that opened independently into the inferior vena cava. The right ureter was duplicated in origin. CONCLUSION: This report shows that knowledge of anomalies such as this is very important in planning and conducting surgical procedures.

The immunohistochemical approach to determine the origin and possible function of the juxtaoral organ in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we applied immuno- histochemical techniques on the functionally little known organ of Chievitz (juxtaoral organ [JOO]) in dogs to determine its origin and possible function. METHODS: The term abortive materials of 6 Doberman dogs were used for experimental procedures in July 2002 to June 2003 at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, after routine light microscopic tissue preparation, the sections were stained with Masson's trichrome stain. In order to elucidate the function-related origin of the organ, we used epidermal growth factor (EGF-r), transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha) and nerve growth factor (NGF-beta) immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS: We observed a very strong and widespread immunoreactivity of EGF-r and TGF-alpha on simple squamous capsular cells. We detected nerve growth factor-beta positivity in granular form both in simple squamous capsular cells and in neighboring connective tissue. However, we did not detect EGF-r reactivity on parenchymal cells except a weak immunoreactivity on central ones. We noticed transforming growth factor-alpha in most of the parenchymal cells while we observed NGF-beta strongly in all the parenchymal cells. CONCLUSION: These results may point out that the JOO may be of mesothelial or epithelial origin. Having NGF-alpha positive granules and close relationship with blood vessels may imply a neurosecretory function. We believe that our study may add new perspectives to the function of the JOO.