[The use of a soy protein isolate in the diet therapy of patients with alimentary obesity]. / Primenenie belkovogo izoliata soi v dietoterapii bol'nykh alimentarnym ozhireniem.

Patients with alimentary obesity received a diet with 1/3 amount of protein substituted for soya protein isolate, daily, during 4 weeks. The influence of the dietotherapeutic course on protein, lipid metabolism, on bile acid and lipid composition of bile and on the immunologic state of the patients was studied. Blood and bile lipid content and the fraction of cholesterol esters were studied by thin-layer chromatography, lipid composition by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, protein fractions by paper electrophoresis; the immunologic state was studied by the blast-transformation test and immunoglobulin assay. It has been established that this diet influences the parameters studied: the levels of total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, lipoproteins of low and very low density are decreased, the content of high density lipoproteins is increased, the level of globulin fractions is normalized, and the content of total protein is reduced to the normal, bile acid and lipid composition of bile and the immunologic state are improved.

[The prevalence of obesity among the adult population of Kazakhstan]. / Rasprostranennost' ozhireniia sredi vzroslogo naseleniia Kazakhstana.

The questionnaire method was used to study obesity incidence among 25107 subjects over 15 years of age living in the Northern, Southern and Western regions of Kazakhstan. Anthropometry was conducted, and incidence rate of certain diseases in the investigated subjects was recorded. Excessive body mass was revealed in 36.1%, among them obesity was diagnosed in 23.7%. The obesity incidence increases with aging and decreasing of physical load level. Obesity was more frequently observed among the urban women than among the rural, and it was less frequent among the urban than among the rural men. The incidence rate of obesity in the population of the Northern region of the Republic was significantly higher than that in the population of the Western and Southern regions. The incidence rate of arterial hypertension was 5-fold, that of coronary heart disease--4-fold, and of chronic diseases of the biliary tracts--3-fold higher in obese subjects as compared to those with normal body mass.

[The role of nutritional factors in the development of obesity among the adult residents of Kazakhstan]. / Rol' faktorov pitaniia v razvitii ozhireniia sredi vzroslogo naseleniia Kazakhstana.

Etiologic factors of obesity were studied by the questionnaire method in the population of Kazakhstan aged over 15 years. Among 4912 subjects with excessive body mass alimentary disorders promoting the development of obesity were detected in 32.6%, low energy expenditure--in 26.6%, endocrine disorders--in 15.4%, and hereditary factors--in 6.9%. The incidence rate of these factors has proved to be different among the urban and rural populations, in the north and west regions of the Republic, as well as among females and males.

[Role of modern diet therapy in the prevention of visceral complications in patients with dietary obesity]. / Rol' svoevremennoi dietoterapii v preduprezhdenii oslozhnenii so storony vnutrennikh organov u bol'nykh alimentarnym ozhireniem.

The examination and treatment of 547 patients with alimentary obesity revealed in them significant impairments of myocardial contractility, manifest hemodynamic disorders (in 65.5% of patients), marked changes in lipid metabolism (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipacidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa in 26,5%, type IIb in 14,5%, type IV in 32,5% of patients), as well as reduced activity of the T-immunity system, all these changes being prerequisites for the development of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. During examination of the patients' liver, fatty hepatosis was detected in 91.4%, chronic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 14% of patients, manifest shifts were found in their bile biochemical composition, leading to the development of cholelithiasis. The incretory dysfunction of the pancreas led to carbohydrate imbalance in 43%, and to diabetes mellitus in 7.5% of patients. Under the effect of the treatment (diet, exercise therapy, oxygenotherapy, hydrotherapy) conducted in the alimentary obesity patients, lessening of the pathologic process was observed in the heart, liver and pancreas, their functions being significantly improved. It has been concluded that normalization of the body weight in obese subjects is a measure preventing atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, essential hypertension, fatty hepatosis, steatohepatitis, cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus.

[Effects of diet therapy on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with alimentary obesity]. / Vliianie dietoterapii na obmen belkov, zhirov i uglevodov u bol'nykh alimentarnym ozhireniem.

Lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism was studied in patients with alimentary obesity as was the effect on that metabolism of the diets containing horseflesh and beef. The majority of the obese patients showed an increased content of all lipid fractions (phospholipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides), of very low and low density lipids, and a reduced content of high density lipoproteins. Normolipoproteinemia was only ascertained in 26.6% of the patients. Hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) Ila was detected in 26.6% of the patients. HLP Ilb in 14.5 and HLP IV in 32,3 of the patients. Disorders of the glucose tolerance test (GTT) were revealed in 24% of the patients. Of these, 10% had low curves of the GTT, 6.5% questionable, and 7.5% of the patients manifested diabetic curves. In addition, all the patients had an increased basal level of immunoreactive insulin. Hyperproteinemia was discovered in 61.7, hypoalbuminemia in 74.9, and dysglobulinemia in 50 to 86% of the patients. Apart from an appreciable reduction of the excess body weight, the dietetic management produced the normalization and improvement of the indicators under study in the overwhelming majority of the patients. It should be noted that a more noticeable effect was attained after the dietetic management with the use of horseflesh.

[Dynamics of changes in the lipid composition of bile in patients with alimentary obesity during treatment]. / Dinamika izmenenii lipidnogo sostava zhelchi u bol'nykh alimentarnym ozhireniem pod vliianiem lecheniia.

In the bile of patients with alimentary obesity, the content of primary (cholic) bile acids is reduced, that of secondary (deoxycholic) acids is increased, and the quota of glycine-bound cholates is lowered. This points to the distress of the cholate-synthesizing, glyco-conjugating, and hydroxylating function of liver cells. In addition, the bile of obese persons is characterized by a low content of free fatty acids associated with an increase in the amount of total lipids, glycerides, and phospholipids. The treatment of obesity by the subcaloric diet and graded physical exercise brings about positive changes in the content of cholic and deoxycholic acids in the bile and gives rise to the enhanced excretion of all lipid fractions, cholesterol in particular, with the bile to the intestine, thereby raising the bile lithogenic potential.

[Effect of diet therapy using horse meat on liver function of patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity]. / Vliianie dietoterapii s primeneniem koniny na funktsional'noe sostoianie pecheni u bol'nykh obmenno-alimentarnym ozhireniem.

The data are provided for the first time about the use of the national food, horse meat, in dietetic management of patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity. Horse meat is characterized by low caloricity, considerable content of full-value protein with an optimally balanced amino acid composition, high content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, mineral substances. Dietetic management with the use of horse meat, a product that possesses lipotropic and choleretic properties, made in possible to reduce markedly the patients' body mass, with the reduction amounting to 54% of the excess body weight. Furthermore, such a management led to a considerable improvement of liver function. The research data permit the authors to recommend the inclusion of horse meat, a product having a high biological value, into the diets of patients suffering from metabolic-alimentary obesity.

[Effectiveness of peptic ulcer diet therapy using rations containing whole mare's and camel's milk]. / Effektivnost' dietoterapii bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu ratsionami, soderzhashchimi tsel'noe kobyl'e i verbliuzh'e moloko.

Diets enriched with whole mare and camel's milk were used for the management of peptic ulcer patients. A total of 164 patients were examined. Of these, 59 received mare's milk, 40 camel and 65 cow's milk. On the basis of studying the time course of the clinical picture, secretory and motor functions of the stomach, as well as of the endoscopic appearance of the gastric and duodenal mucosa it was ascertained that apart from the improved clinical course of the disease, secretory and motor functions of the stomach there was a complete wound healing and remarkable decline of its size in 93, 90, and 70% of patients given mare, camel and cow's milk, respectively. Also, radiotelemetry was used to study the antacid properties of the milk types in question. The first two milk types have demonstrated more pronounced antacid properties.