How does training given to pediatric nurses about artificial intelligence and robot nurses affect their opinions and attitude levels? A quasi-experimental study.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of training provided to pediatric nurses on their knowledge and attitude levels about artificial intelligence and robot nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this study, a single-group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was used. Data were collected from pediatric nurses working in Training and Research Hospital located in western Turkey. Forty-three pediatric nurses participated in the study. The study data were collected using the "Pediatric Nurses' Descriptive Characteristics Form", "Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Form", and "Artificial Intelligence General Attitude Scale". RESULTS: The mean scores of the participating pediatric nurses obtained from the Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Form before, right after and one month after the training were 41.16 ± 14.95, 68.25 ± 13.57 and 69.06 ± 13.19, respectively. The mean scores they obtained from the Positive Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence subscale of the Artificial Intelligence General Attitude Scale before and after the training were 3.43 ± 0.54 and 3.59 ± 0.60, respectively whereas the mean scores they obtained from its Negative Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence subscale were 2.68 ± 0.67 and 2.77 ± 0.75, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the training given to the pediatric nurses about artificial intelligence and robot nurses increased the nurses' knowledge levels and their artificial intelligence attitude scores, but this increase in the artificial intelligence attitude scores was not significant. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The use of artificial intelligence and robotics or advanced technology in pediatric nursing care can be fostered.

Effect of therapeutic play using a toy nebulizer and toy mask on a child's fear and anxiety levels.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of therapeutic play using a toy nebulizer and mask before inhaler treatment on children's fear and anxiety levels in a pediatric emergency department. DESIGN AND METHOD: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 84 children aged 3-8 years who were admitted to the pediatric emergency department with respiratory system disease. This study was registered in the Clinical Trials database.Therapeutic play was applied to the children in the therapeutic play group with a toy nebulizer, toy mask, and amigurumi doll, after which the children received treatment with these devices. The children in the control group received nebular treatment using a standard nebulizer and a mask. The children were required to answer the 'Children's Fear Scale' (CFS) and 'Children's Anxiety Metre-State' (CAMS) before and after treatment. RESULTS: Fear and anxiety levels were significantly lower in the therapeutic play group than in the control group (p = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding acceptance of the mask used during treatment and adaptation to the treatment (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic play with a toy nebulizer and mask effectively reduced fear of hospitals and related anxiety in children. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Playing therapeutic play with a toy nebulizer and toy mask during nebulization is a promising strategy to reduce children's fear and anxiety.

Validity and reliability of the baby Eating behaviour Questionnaire in a Turkey sample.

The research was centered on developing a Turkish version of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ), ensuring cultural and linguistic adaptation while upholding its reliability and validity. Employing a methodological approach, the study encompassed 202 mothers whose infants were aged between 0 and 6 months. Data collection took place from December 2022 to January 2023, utilizing the Parent Demographic Questionnaire and BEBQ. Statistical analysis incorporated descriptive statistics, assessing reliability through Cronbach's alpha, test-retest, and item-total score analysis. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, revealing 18 items across 4 sub-dimensions, explaining 58.3% of total variance. The scale demonstrated high reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated the model with a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation at 0.074. Test-retest results exhibited a strong correlation (Pearson Correlation of 0.97, p < 0.001). The adapted BEBQ serves as a valid, reliable tool for evaluating infant feeding behavior in the Turkish context.

The effects of auditory interventions on pain and comfort in premature newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit; a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of three auditory interventions; white noise, recorded mother's voice, and MiniMuffs, applied during a heel lance on pain and comfort in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care units. DESIGN AND METHODS: This experimental, parallel, randomised controlled research was conducted in a state hospital tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit. The sample comprised sixty-four premature infants with gestational ages of 31-36 weeks. The infants were randomly assigned to four groups: i) white noise, ii) recorded mother's voice, iii) MiniMuffs, and iv) control. Pain and comfort of newborns were evaluated according to the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and the COMFORTneo scale. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, and crying time were also measured. RESULTS: The mean of oxygen saturation levels in the white noise, recorded mother's voice, and MiniMuffs group were higher than the control group. The heart rate, crying time, mean NIPS score, COMFORTneo score of the premature neonates in the white noise, recorded mother's voice, and MiniMuffs groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Auditory interventions used during heel lance reduce the pain and increase the comfort of the premature infants. White noise is extremely effective in preventing infants's pain.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N).

PURPOSE: Developmental care is considered an important component of development and health promotion of premature infants, however, studies regarding assessment of nurses' competency of developmental care are inadequate. This study is designed to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N). DESIGN AND METHODS: This methodological study includes 140 nurses working at a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were collected using the Nurse Introductory Form and Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses. The scale was assessed in terms of language and content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and time invariance. RESULTS: The scale consisted of 19 items and six subscales. In the confirmatory analysis, which is a validity analysis, it was found that the scale's factor loadings ranged between 0.27 and 0.92, and the ratio of chi-square to degrees of freedom was 1.64. Other fit indices (CFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.95) were at desirable levels. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.90. According to item analysis results, item-total correlations ranged between 0.26 and 0.66. It was found that nurses' responses to the scale items at two different times were consistent and did not change over time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DSCS-N is a valid and reliable scale for measuring Turkish nurses' competency of developmental support. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: DSCS-N can be used as a tool contributing to the implementation of developmental care. The scale can help nurses working in neonatal intensive care units to determine their competency of developmental care.

The effect of simulation-based education on childhood epileptic seizure management knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Lack of knowledge about epileptic seizure management and negative attitudes toward children with epilepsy among nursing students may negatively affect the quality of healthcare services they deliver. AIM: This study aimed to examine the effect of training given to nursing students using simulation and standard child mannequins on their childhood epileptic seizure management knowledge, skills, and attitudes. METHODS: Participants (n = 72) were recruited from a Nursing Faculty in Izmir, Turkey. Students were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (n = 36 in each). The intervention group received simulation-based training on epilepsy while the control group received standard child mannequin training on epilepsy. One week after the training, the students were asked to demonstrate their epileptic seizure management knowledge and skills on a simulation model or a standard child mannequin. During this process, they were observed and assessed by two independent observers on the basis of a list of epileptic seizure management skills. All participants completed the personal information form, the Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizure Management Knowledge Test, and the Epilepsy Knowledge and Attitude Scale before, and after the training, McNemar's test, repeated measure ANOVA (intravenous), dependent t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and Pearson's chi-square test were used to compare the groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the consistency between observers. RESULTS: The epilepsy knowledge scale mean scores of both groups significantly increased after their respective trainings (p < 0.001), but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.829). There was no statistically significant difference between the pre- and posttraining epilepsy attitude scale mean scores of the control group (p = 0.630), however, a statistically significant increase was observed in the epilepsy attitude scale mean score of the intervention group (p = 0.008). In addition, both groups' self-confidence in epileptic seizure management significantly increased after the training (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Simulation-based training was beneficial for students insofar as it helped them to develop positive attitudes toward epilepsy.

Immediate and delayed effects of nutrient-sensing in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Starting in late 1980's, Bill Timberlake and associates conducted a series of experiments on anticipatory contrast which showed that rats' feeding decisions were regulated by the nutritive value of currently ingested and anticipated food. The effects of nutrient sensing on feeding regulation have been studied intensively in rodents, and recently, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we developed a new behavioral test to study rapid feeding decisions of tethered flies within 6-8 s of ingestion. Using a two-phase experimental design, we presented individual flies one of four serial combinations of a non-nutritive sugar, arabinose, or a nutritive sugar, sucrose. Feeding decisions of wildtype (Canton-S) flies are altered both by immediate effects of nutrient sensing and 1-hour delayed effects of nutrient-feeding, and the two effects act additively to yield a signature pattern of behavioral contrast based on nutritive contrast. Feeding phenotype of flies that carry a mutation of the dSLC5A11 (cupcake) gene varied with the mutant allele and genetic background. Fasted dSLC5A11 mutants showed an overeating phenotype and a defect in short-term feeding regulation irrespective of the nutritive value of sugar. Flies that carried the dSLC5A111 allele showed differential feeding for arabinose and sucrose. However, dSLC5A112 allele yielded a conspicuous deficit in delayed effects of nutrient ingestion, but only when it was expressed on a Canton-S background. Our results suggest that dSLC5A11 might function to integrate external stimulus properties and internal state for feeding regulation and action selection.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Methods of Decreasing Pain During Phlebotomy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the applications of external cold and vibration and blowing soap bubbles during phlebotomy in children aged between 3 and 6 years. DESIGN: This study is a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The sample was obtained using block randomization. Children were divided into three groups: "external cold and vibration group," "blowing soap bubbles group," and "control group." Children, their parents, the nurse, and the researcher rated the children's pain during phlebotomy. FINDINGS: A statistically significant difference between groups was found on pain scores. Pain scores were lower in the groups of external cold and vibration, and blowing soap bubbles than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The methods of external cold and vibration and blowing soap bubbles had a pain relieving effect in children aged between 3 and 6 years during phlebotomy.

Infiltration and extravasation in pediatric patients: A prevalence study in a children's hospital.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of infiltration and extravasation among children staying in a children's hospital and the interventions carried out when infiltration or extravasation occurred. METHODS: A prospective and descriptive research design was used in the study, conducted between September 2015 and February 2016, and determined the prevalence of infiltration and extravasation and their characteristics. The study sample consisted of 297 peripheral catheters in 173 pediatric patients. RESULTS: Of 297 peripheral catheters, 50.8% were located on the right and 30.6% were inserted in the dorsal metacarpal vein. Infiltration and extravasation occurred in 2.9% and 2.3% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of infiltration and extravasation was 5.5 and 4.4 per 1000 patient-days, respectively. The applied interventions after infiltration or extravasation included covering with a gauze dressing or alcohol-soaked cotton, cold application, irrigation with physiological saline, and elevation. CONCLUSION: The infiltration and extravasation prevalence were found to be high, but the interventions to address them were inadequate. Training and implementation strategies should be planned for pediatric nurses to prevent infiltration and extravasation.

Effects of Virtual Reality and External Cold and Vibration on Pain in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children During Phlebotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the virtual reality (VR) and external cold and vibration methods on pain scores in children aged 7 to 12 years during phlebotomy. DESIGN: A randomized controlled study. METHODS: The sample of children (n = 121) was allocated to the groups (group 1, VR; group 2, external cold and vibration; group 3, control) by blocked randomization. Pain scores were assessed after the phlebotomy using self-report, parent's reports, report from the nurse who attempted the phlebotomy, and researchers' report with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. FINDINGS: Pain scores were determined to be lower in groups 1 and 2. Although there was no difference between the groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 or 2 and group 3 based on all pain scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that VR and external cold and vibration are effective in reducing the pain in 7- to 12-year-old children during phlebotomy. VR can be used safely for the pain management of children who are growing up in the age of technology.

The effect of nesting positions on pain, stress and comfort during heel lance in premature infants.

BACKGROUND: Nesting positions are commonly used in procedural analgesic administration in premature neonates. The effectiveness of nesting positions is questioned. The aim of the this study was to assess the pain, stress, comfort and salivary cortisol and melatonin values in nesting positions during the heel lance procedure in premature infants at the NICU. METHODS: Experimental research; repeated measurement design. The sample comprised 33 premature neonates with gestational age of 31-35 weeks who had been hospitalized in the NICU. Nesting positions were given using linen or towels. The procedure of heel lance was recorded on camera. The camera recordings were evaluated according to the NIPS and the COMFORTneo scale. Saliva samples were obtained five minutes prior to and 30 min after the heel lance procedure. Salivary Cortisol and Melatonin were measured using the Salimetrics Cortisol Elisa Kit and the Salimetrics Melatonin Elisa Kit. RESULTS: The crying time, the mean NIPS score, the COMFORTneo score, the COMFORTneo NRS-pain scores and the COMFORTneo NRS-distress scores for premature neonates who were in the prone position during the procedure were significantly lower than the scores in the supine position (p < 0.000). Furthermore, the level of salivary cortisol five minutes prior to and 30 min after the heel lance procedure had significantly decreased in the prone position; however, there were insignificant differences in the mean levels of salivary melatonin between the positions. CONCLUSIONS: Nesting in the prone position has a pain reducing effect, enhancing comfort and reducing stress in premature infants.

Nutritional style of parents and examination of the effective factors.

AIM: This study was performed to determine the nutritional style in parents who had children aged between 3 and 6 years and the effective factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample number of this descriptive study was calculated with the sample formula for unknown population and the parents of 300 children aged between 3 and 6 years who attended a nursery school in the province of Izmir constituted the sample. The sample was reached in two periods. "The Sociodemographic Data Form" and "the Parent Nutritional Style Scale" were used as data collection tools. Written approval was obtained from the scientific ethics committee of the Ege University, Faculty of Nursery (B.30.2.EGE.0.82.00.00/29-288). The heights and weights of the children were measured by the investigators with certain measurement tools. The body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) was calculated for each child. The children whose body mass index standard deviations were between +2 and -2 standard deviation were considered to have normal weight. The Auxology program was used to obtain these data. The body mass indexes of the parents were calculated according to the height and weight values stated by themselves. In analyses of the data, student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison of two groups. Variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis variance were used for multiple comparisons; Bonferrroni corrected Mann-Whitney U test and Shefee test were used for advanced analysis. RESULTS: It was found that the variables including the age, education level, number of children, working status of the mothers and the perception of the child's weight by the mother affected the nutritional style of the parents. The mean "emotional" and "instrumental" nutrition subdimension scores of the mothers who were young, who had an education of primary school and who were housewifes, the mean "encouraging nutrition" subdimension scores of the mothers who had small for gestational age babies and the mean "emotional" nutrition sub-dimension scores of the mothers who perceived their babies' weights as lower than normal were found to be higher (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the nutritional style in relation with the child's BMI SDS and the mother's own BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional styles of parents are affected by some sociodemographic and anthropometric properties, but the relation with the child's weight should be demonstrated by observational studies.