[Development and formation of the mucosal immune system of the small intestine].

Morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the grouped lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) and of the small intestine lamina propria were studied in rats at the 19 prenatal and 1, 7, 14, 21, 90 postnatal days. The development of these structures was found to be heterochronic and fragmentary. The development of the individual components of the mucosal immune system was interrelated. The integration of the afferent and efferent limbs of the mucosal immune system with the processes of digestion and absorption, is regarded as its adaptation to the peculiarities of postnatal development of mammals and as the property of the functional system, maintaining the homeostasis of the internal milieu of the organism.

[Lymphoid nodules of the urinary bladder in man]. / Limfoidnye uzelki mochevogo puzyria cheloveka.

Basing on macro- microscopical investigation of the urinary bladder in 94 persons, died at the period of birth up to old years and by the time of death having not any disease of the urinary apparatus, structure and topography of the lymphoid nodules, their amount, density of distribution in the mucous membrane of various parts of the organ have been studied. The germinative centers in the lymphoid nodules of the urinary bladder are not revealed. The external appearance of the nodules is not the same; some have clear contours others have no clearly manifested borders. We call them prenodules. The lymphoid nodules are situated near to each other without any definite order. And only near the ureteral openings they are always revealed in a small amount, in the area of the triangle; they are oriented, as a rule, from the ureteral openings towards the exit from the urinary bladder. The amount of the lymphoid nodules in the organ's wall varies (at an average) from 18, in newborns, up to 415, in adolescents, and up to 129, in old persons. Distribution density of the lymphoid nodules in the fundal area of the urinary bladder is somewhat greater, than in its superior parts. The size of the lymphoid nodules during all age periods is not more than 900 mcm.