Drawbacks and Unexpected Advantages of the Response to Modeling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Old Wistar Rats.

In modeling post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), old Wistar rats exhibit the same general signs of a PTSD-like condition as young rats do. The ratio of testosterone to corticosterone levels was assessed as a new index and proved to provide a guideline for dividing the rat population into low- and high-anxiety groups when modeling PTSD. Several features were observed in behavior, psycho-emotional manifestations, hormone levels, and myocardial state in old rats. A sharp rise in circulating testosterone was for the first time shown to occur in old, but not young, rats in stress, contributing to a more rapid decision as to where to move in the labyrinth space. Priority data were obtained on dysfunctional accumulation of mitochondria in the myocardium in intact and stressed old rats. The information obtained may be useful in developing drugs against harmful consequences of PTSD and senile changes in the myocardium.

[A case of Lambl's excrescences of the mitral valve concurrent with myocardial infarction]. / Nabliudenie ékskrestsentsii Lamblia mitral'nogo klapana v sochetanii s infarktom miokarda.

Lambl's excrescences are a rare disease that is characterized by a lesion of the heart valves as filamentous growths on their surface mainly along the coaptation lines and that is mostly asymptomatic. Due to traumatic injuries during heart contractions, fibrin masses can be deposited on the surface of the growths, contributing to thromboembolic events or infection. The paper provides the data available in the literature and demonstrates a postmortem observation of Lambl's excrescences on the ventricular surface of the mitral valve concurrent with myocardial infarction.

[On the histogenesis of cardiac myxoma]. / K voprosu o gistogeneze miksomy serdtsa.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the morphological and phenotypic features of cardiac myxoma (CM), to discuss argumentative issues on the sources of its growth. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The investigation included 176 sporadic and familial myxomas originating from different cardiac chambers (96% from the atria). The histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features of the cells and vessels of this tumor were studied. RESULTS: The morphological and phenotypic features of the embryonic endothelium resembling the cells of the primary cardiovascular network were found in the cells and vessels of CM. No signs of other mesenchymal derivatives were detected. DISCUSSION: The authors anticipate that there is focal cessation of maturation of the embryonic endocardial endothelium and its persistence - hamartia. Postnatal proliferation of embryonic hamartia forms the tumor hamartoma. Differentiated cells may retain the phenotypic (but not morphological) features of closely related cells that have a common precursor. CONCLUSION: The results of the study have allowed the authors to consider CM to be hamartoma, a monohistioid benign embryonic endocardial endothelioma. Our findings do not exclude the possibility of developing CM from pluripotent mesenchymal cells.

[INFLAMMATION AND CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS].

The study included 62 patients with uncomplicated primary and secondary infectious endocarditis admitted to S.PBotkin city hospital from 2011 to 2014. The emphasis is laid on diagnostic significance of dynamic measurements of the levels of C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor and highly sensitive troponin-1 for the evaluation of activity of the infectious/toxic process, severity of the disease, and detection of complications. The study revealed the relationship of the enhanced level of troponin-1 with changes of inflammation markers, morphofunctional characteristics of myocardium, and circulatory failure. Morphologicl study demonstrated inflammatory and dystrophic changes in myocardium, focal and diffuse cardiofibrosis suggesting development of non-coronarogenic myocardial lesions that play an important role in the progress of cardiac failure associated with infectious endocarditis.

Effect of transplantation of bone marrow monomuclears on angiogenesis in rats.

We studied the effect of non-selective intracoronary transplantation of bone marrow mononuclears on day 30 after acute coronary infarction on angiogenesis in rats. On days 14 and 30 after transplantation of mononuclear cells, stable formation of new vessels was observed. The number of venules considerably increased after transplantation of mononuclear cells, which was seen from increased volume density of blood vessels and their caliber. Stable vascularization after transplantation of mononuclear cells improves blood supply, which is essential for reparation of the myocardium.

Pathways of bone marrow mononuclear cell differentiation after transplantation into postinfarction heart.

We studied homing and differentiation fate of transplanted bone marrow mononuclears after non-selective intracoronary injection on day 30 after acute myocardial infarction in rats. Mononuclear cells migrated to the cicatrix zone where they differentiated into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Mononuclear cells did not differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, or smooth muscle cells of vascular media. Stimulation of angiogenesis and reparation of the myocardium was observed under these conditions.