An Energy-Efficient T-Based Routing Topology for Target Tracking in Battery Operated Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks.

Real-time smart applications are now possible because to developments in communication and sensor technology. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect data from specific disaster sites, such as fire events, gas leaks, land mines, earthquake, landslides, etc., where it is necessary to know the exact location of the detected information to safely rescue the people. For instance, the detection and disposal of explosive materials is a difficult task because land mines consistently threaten human life. Here, the T-based Routing Topology (TRT) is suggested to gather data from sensors (metal detectors, Ground Penetrating Radars (GPR), Infra-Red sensors, etc.), Global Positioning System (GPS), and cameras in land mine-affected areas. Buried explosive materials can be found and located with high accuracy. Additionally, it will be simpler to eliminate bombs and reduce threats to humans. The efficiency of the suggested data collection method is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). Also, the proposed T-based routing topology requires a minimal number of nodes to cover the entire searching area and establish effective communication. In contrast, the number of nodes participating in the sensing area grows, as the depth of the tree increases in the existing tree topology-based data gathering. And for cluster topology, the number of nodes deployment depends on the transmission range of the sensor nodes.

Integrated hydrogeophysical and GIS based demarcation of groundwater potential and vulnerability zones in a hard rock and sedimentary terrain of Southern India.

This research has identified the groundwater potential and vulnerability zones in Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, India. The Schlumberger electrode array has been used to conduct vertical electrical sounding (VES) at 95 sites with a maximum electrode spacing of 150 m. The study area comprises of hard rock and sedimentary formations. Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to integrate the geoelectrical data and to prepare spatial variation maps for various parameters. Finally, groundwater potential and vulnerability zones have been demarcated, and these outputs have been validated using water level and nitrate data, respectively. The Dar-Zarrouk parameters such as longitudinal conductance (S), transverse unit resistance (T), and aquifer anisotropy (λ) have been used along with the spatial variation of resistivity and aquifer thickness to find out groundwater potential areas with the support of GIS. The thickness of topsoil, weathered zone and fractured zone are not uniform in the research area. Top soil plus weathered zone acts as a water table (phreatic) aquifer, which extends up to 38 m from the surface. Fractured zone extends up to 45 m, which acts as a kind of confined/semi-confined aquifer. Open and bore wells have been constructed to tap groundwater from the unconfined (water table) and confined/semi-confined aquifers, respectively. High to very high groundwater potential areas are associated with low resistivity, high thickness, low longitudinal conductance, high transverse unit resistance and high aquifer anisotropy areas. Very high groundwater potential areas are mostly confined to flood plain (alluvium) deposits in the central portion of the study area. High potential areas are noticed in the northern part, whereas low potential areas are noticed in the southern part. The areas with high longitudinal conductance indicate low permeable zones with less possibility of external pollution. Since agriculture is an important activity in the study region, this work will be useful to provide water supply for irrigation as well as for domestic needs.

Retrofit of two way holding chuck to improve process efficiency and resource management.

In today's industrial scenarios, having continuous improvement to increase the process efficiency is one of the key measures. Especially manufacturing and automotive industries are putting forth a lot of resource and time to improve the efficiency of the process without compromising the current production capacity and improve the quality rate. This paper deals with a case study of retrofitting a two-way chuck in a vertical lathe machine and thereby calculating the overall equipment effectiveness of the entire automated process in piston manufacturing. The current automated production line of piston manufacturing is being analysed with the help of value stream mapping (VSM). Value stream mapping is widely used by the industrial persons to identify the wastes i.e., non-value-added time in the process line. The Critical to Quality (CTQ) parameters in an efficient production line such as lead time, value added time, transfer time and takt time have taken into account for identifying the places of improvement. A new retrofitted design has been suggested which can increase the production efficiency of the current system with effective utilization of available resources. After implementing the modified retrofit design, the subsequent changes in the process line have also been stated through Future state VSM, which clearly indicates the reduction in drop to drop time between the cells which has been considered as the non value added time in the current system. Studies like these shows that effective utilisation of available resources through retrofitting can greatly assist the manufacturers to reduce their cost of additional investment and be sustainable among the growing competitors in the market.

Minimum 5-year follow-up results and functional outcome of rotating-platform high-flexion total knee arthroplasty: A prospective study of 701 knees.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the midterm clinical outcome, functional outcome, associated complications, and survivorship of high-flexion posterior-stabilized rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 701 knees in 501 patients, who underwent total knee arthroplasty using high-flexion posterior-stabilized rotating-platform prosthesis. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively for their ability to kneel, do full squats, do half squats, and sit cross-legged by using a patient-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant improvement was seen in patient-reported outcomes at the mean follow-up of 5.5 (range, 5-7) years. Mean flexion achieved postoperatively was 135° (range, 120°-150°) from a mean preoperative flexion of 108.8° (range, 90°-120°). Ninety-five percent of patients were able to sit cross-legged, 90% were able to kneel, 70% were able to perform a half squat, and 20% were able to perform a full squat. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior-stabilized, rotating-platform, high-flexion design provides good postoperative flexion, functional outcome, and good midterm survivorship.