The influence of microbiota on the development and course of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues.

An important feature of the functioning of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity is the fact that all processes that take place in it are carried out in the constant presence of various microorganisms that cause the development of pathological processes in the body or are associated with them. In the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis, dental plaque penetrates the bottom of the gingival sulcus, penetrating under the epithelium into the stroma of the connective tissue, causing its inflammation. Bacteria produce a number of toxic substances that have a toxic effect on surrounding tissues. Most bacteria produce chain fatty acids that inhibit chemotaxis of leukocytes and phagocytes. Anaerobes and spirochetes secrete a number of substances (propionic acid and indole) that are extremely toxic to most tissues. Inflammation in the periodontal tissues is caused by the microbiota of the dental plaque biofilm. As periodontitis develops, an increase in the number of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and T. forsythia was found in it, more than 100 times. Therefore, the given data prove that in the development and course of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, complex dysbiotic and tissue-cellular interactions are involved, the dynamic balance of which depends on its outcome.

CYTOKINOGENESIS DISORDERS IN MECHANISMS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PERODONTITIS DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR CORRECTION BY FLAVONOL.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Evaluation of changes in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory units of the cytokine profile in the mechanisms of development of experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis and elucidation of the effect of flavonol quercetin on its parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Experimental periodontitis was caused by introducing into the tissues of the periodontal complex a mixture of microorganisms diluted with egg protein. In order to enhance the immune response, a complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the rat's paw at the same time. For correction, intramuscular injections of water-soluble quercetin at a dose of 100 mg / kg body weight were performed for 7 days (7th to 14th day). RESULTS: Results: The use of flavonol quercetin led to a decrease in the serum content of experimental animals with pro-inflammatory cytokines. With regard to anti-inflammatory cytokines, their content in the blood of animals during the development of this simulated inflammatory process changed in the opposite direction. Quercetin effectively eliminated the imbalance of the immune system and increased the level of IL-10 and IL-4 in the serum. After injections of quercetin, the relation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of animals on 14th day of the study was reduced compared to their content in rats that did not receive correction. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The formation and course of experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis is accompanied by a complex of pathological changes in immunocytokinogenesis, which is manifested by a progressive increase in serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines. Flavonol quercetin reduces the concentration of pro-inflammatory and increases the content of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HISTOTOXICITY INDICATORS OF METAL ALLOYS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL CERAMIC DENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To carry out a comparative assessment of metal alloys for the manufacture of metal-ceramic constructions of dentures by determining the indicator of their histotoxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To identify the effect of metal alloys on cobalt and nickel bases on the tissue of organism, we carried out an experimental-morphological study of standard samples of metal alloys "Shot-alloy", "Remanium-2000", "Cerium", "Dent-NCB", "Cellite-N". RESULTS: Results: A careful histological analysis of the capsules formed around the metal alloy samples during two periods of the experiment showed that the healing time of the subcutaneous tissue was not the same. The most complete healing, that is, the formation of mature fibrous connective tissue, occurred during the implantation of the cobaltbased alloy "Remanium-2000" and the capsule formed at the end of the experiment around the implanted sample from the "Shot-alloy" alloy, and during the implantation of the "Cerium" alloy, healing the wound surface and the formation of a connective tissue capsule occurs fully than in previous cases. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The analysis of the performed experiment testifies in favor of the point of view that the speed and quality of healing of damaged subcutaneous tissue upon the introduction of implanted research alloys depend largely on the individual chemical components that make up the alloys, or on their combination.

Features of the course of enamel biomineralization processes in various anatomical areas of the tooth.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To establish the features of the structural organization of enamel in various anatomical areas of the tooth and determine their influence on the characteristics of the course of biomineralization processes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study of the structural features of enamel and dentin was performed on thin sections of various groups of teeth. Then morphological, histochemical and electron microscopic examination methods were used. RESULTS: Results: The study found that there are three structural and functional barriers to biomineralization of enamel, which are located in different anatomical areas of the tooth crown. Each of them has both general and specific features. Enamel biomineralization is a continuous process of exchange of calcium ions, donor of which is brushite. The stepwise process of biomineralization turns the latter into calcium octaphosphate, which then turns into hydroxyapatite. The latter, when destroyed by carbon dioxide, forms carboxyapatite. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In the result of conducted study was established peculiarities of enamel mineralization processes in different anatomical parts of tooth.

Characteristics of cellular composition of periodontal pockets.

PURPOSE: The development of inflammatory periodontal disease in young people is an urgent problem of today's periodontology, and requires a development of new methods that would give an opportunity not only to diagnose but also for prognosis of periodontitis course in a given patients contingent. RESULTS: Cellular structure of periodontal pockets is presented by hematogenous and epithelial cells. Our results are confirmed by previous studies, and show that the penetration of periodontal pathogens leads to formation in periodontal tissue of a highly active complex compounds-cytokines that are able to modify the activity of neutrophils and reduce their specific antibacterial properties. Cytokines not only adversely affect the periodontal tissues, but also cause further activation of cells that synthesized them, and inhibit tissue repair and process of resynthesis of connective tissue by fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Neutrophilic granulocytes present in each of the types of smear types, but their functional status and quantitative composition is different. The results of our cytological study confirmed the results of immunohistochemical studies, and show that in generalized periodontitis, an inflammatory cellular elements with disorganized epithelial cells and connective tissue of the gums and periodontium, and bacteria form specific types of infiltration in periodontal tissues.