[The value of electroencephalography monitoring and analysis during anesthesia]. / Intérêt de la surveillance et de l'analyse de l'électroencéphalogramme au cours de l'anesthésie.

Electroencephalography (EEG) records brain electrical activity at the scalp level. As a functional and non invasive witness of brain activity, EEG has long raised the interest of researchers and practitioners, notably in the domain of anesthesia. Thanks to technical advances, this complex signal can now be dissected, and a huge amount of information can be extracted from it. This information gives the opportunity to quantify theeffects of general anesthesia on the brain, and provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

C80Cl12: a chlorine derivative of the chiral D2-C80 isomer--empirical rationale of halogen-atom addition pattern.

Welcome to the family! The constitution of the chiral D(2)-C(80) fullerene has been confirmed through single-crystal X-ray analysis of the chlorinated C(80)Cl(12). The addition pattern of the chlorine atoms in the structure of C(80)Cl(12) together with other structures of halogenated higher fullerenes is discussed. A stepwise principle of higher fullerene reactivity is proposed. Unusual short intermolecular chlorine-chlorine contacts are reported.

Chlorinated derivatives of c78-fullerene isomers with unusually short intermolecular halogen-halogen contacts.

The chlorinated fullerenes C78(2)Cl18 and C78(3)Cl18 were synthesized by highly selective chlorination of the individual isomers. They were crystallized as C78(2)Cl18 x Br2 x TiCl4 and solvent free C78(3)Cl18. The carbon connectivities of both isomers have been confirmed through X-ray single-crystal analysis. Studious investigation of both crystal packings together with the crystal structure of C78(4)Cl18 has revealed the presence of unusually short intermolecular halogen-halogen contacts, which provide evidence for attractive intermolecular interactions, the nature of which is discussed.

Natural Plasmodium infections in Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles benarrochi (Diptera: Culicidae) from eastern Peru.

Malaria, both Plasmodium falciparum (Welch) and Plasmodium vivax (Grassi & Feletti), has reemerged as a significant public health disease issue in Peru, especially in forested areas in the eastern part of the country. The spread of Anopheles darlingi Root, the principal South American malaria vector, into new areas of Peru is thought to be a factor in this resurgence. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that in malaria endemic areas of eastern Peru where An. darlingi does not occur, other species are involved in malaria transmission. The objective of this study was to analyze Anopheles species collected from 11 provinces within four departments in eastern Peru during 2001 and 2002 for infections with P. falciparum and P. vivax. More than 84,000 Anopheles mosquitoes representing 13 species were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of Plasmodium circumsporozoite (CS) proteins. Of these, only An. darlingi and Anopheles benarrochi Gabaldón, Cova García & López were found positive. In total, 14 (0.98%) of 1,432 pools of An. darlingi were positive for Plasmodium species; specifically 10 (0.70%) pools were positive for P. falciparum, two (0.14%) were positive for P. vivax VK210, and two (0.14%) were positive for P. vivax VK247 proteins. Nine (0.14%) of 6,323 pools of An. benarrochi were positive for Plasmodium; five (0.08%) of 6,323 pools were positive for P. falciparum, two (0.03%) were positive for P. vivax VK247, one (0.02%) was positive for mixed P. vivax VK210/VK247 infections, and one (0.02%) was positive for mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax VK210 CS-proteins. Although infection rates in An. benarrochi were significantly lower (0.14%) than rates found for An. darlingi (0.98%), our data suggest that An. benarrochi may play a role in transmitting and maintaining Plasmodium species in various malaria endemic areas of eastern Peru.

Pancreatic disease in dyspepsia.

Determination of the serum activity of pancreatic isoamylase was performed in 30-65-year-old men seeking primary health care centers for dyspepsia. Of 36 consecutive patients 7 had abnormal pancreatic isoamylase activity in serum. This figure indicates dyspepsia to be commonly associated with pancreatic disease such as chronic pancreatitis.