[Clinical application of C-reactive protein ("NicoCard"--a new method for traditional test]. / C-reaktivhyi belok v linike ("NikoKard"--novyi metod dlia traditsionnogo tests)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a unique marker of acute phase response to inflammation. Measurements of CRP in the blood are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring in infections and diseases, for evaluating the activity of inflammation, choice of adequate therapy, control and prediction of disease course. Fulminant course of many diseases dictates the necessity of rapid easily interpreted quantitative non-instrumental test fit for manipulations with whole blood. NicoCard CRP kit manufactured by the Nicomed Firm allows a rapid (2 min) and accurate (quantitative using NicoCard Readers) detection of inflammation and evaluation of its severity, helps differentiate between bacterial and viral infections, choose adequate therapy (antibiotics, steroids, antiinflammatory agents), and monitor the treatment efficacy.

[Method of assessing the carbohydrate specificity of interaction of immunoglobulins with biotinylated lectins]. / Metod otsenki uglevodspetsifichnogo vzaimodeistviia immunoglobulinov s biotinilirovannymi lektinami.

A method for analysis of mammalian immunoglobulins--an analogue of enzyme immunoassay--with biotin-conjugated vegetable lectins as specific reagents was proposed. The method enables the use of biotin-conjugated lectins for studies of immunoglobulin glycosylation.

[The visualization of streptococcal cells by the use of fluorescein-bond dextran]. / Vizualizatsiia kletok streptokokkov s pomoshch'iu dekstrana, sviazannogo s fliuorestseinom.

The method for the visualization of streptococcal cells, based on the phenomenon of binding between fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran and the surface structures of streptococci, is proposed. S.cricetus, S.sobrinus and S.faecalis strains were studied. The data obtained in this study were compared with the results of flow cytofluorimetry of these microbial cells. The stability of binding dextrans by microbes and the influence of ionic force on this process were determined at room temperature, +4 degrees C and -20 degrees C.

[Nephelometry as optic immunochemical method in the laboratory practice]. / Nefelometriia kak opticheskii immunokhimicheskii metod v laboratornoi praktike.

The authors offer a modification of the nephelometric method for clinical immunology laboratory to be used for measuring proteins (albumin, C3-complement, IgG, IgA, IgM, and alpha 2-macroglobulin) in human biological fluids. The original method making use of only Russian-made reagents and equipment has been used on a full scale for measuring the proteins in the blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva of normal subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of the method depend predominantly on the physicochemical parameters of the study.

Effects of solute multivalence on the evaluation of binding constants by biosensor technology: studies with concanavalin A and interleukin-6 as partitioning proteins.

The interaction of concanavalin A with immobilized carboxylmethyldextran has been characterized by means of a biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance detection. Adsorption and desorption of this bivalent lectin to/from the biosensor surface are shown to deviate markedly from pseudo-first-order kinetics, an assumption inherent in the usual kinetic approach to the characterization of interactions by biosensor technology. Similar results for the interaction of a dimeric and hence bivalent form of human interleukin-6 with its receptor immobilized on the biosensor plate support the conclusion that this deviation from pseudo-first-order kinetics originates from multivalence of the partitioning protein. Use of the kinetic approach to characterize the binding of multivalent proteins to immobilized affinity sites on the biosensor chip is therefore precluded because of nonconformity with the model on which the quantitative analysis is based. Instead, an intrinsic binding constant of 2.5 x 10(5) M-1 for the interaction of concanavalin A with the carboxymethylated dextran layer coating the biosensor chip has been obtained by interpreting the equilibrium biosensor responses in terms of expressions developed in the context of quantitative affinity chromatography of multivalent partitioning solutes.

[Lectins in microbiological diagnostic reagents: a universal means or just a test for glycosylation]. / Lektiny v mikrobiologicheskikh diagnostikumakh: universal'noe sredstvo ili vsego lish' proba na glikozilirovannost'?

The author analyzes published and his own experimental data on interspecies, interstrain, and intrastrain differences in groups of some gram negative and gram positive bacteria, protozoa, and viruses in their interactions with lectins. An attempt to analyze the available material from the glycobiology viewpoint is made, by connecting the problem of a microbiologic diagnostic agent with the problem of biomolecular recognition.

[Study of lectin-binding segments on the surface of Leishmania gymnoductyli reptulii during in vitro differentiation]. / Izuchenie lektinsviazyvaiushchikh uchastkov na poverkhnosti leishmanii gymnoductyli reptulii v techenie differentsirovki in vitro.

Changes in expression of lectin-binding sites, which are complex carbohydrate structures of Leishmania gymnoductyli reptulii, were studied by the classical lectin agglutination test. The results evidence that this test may be used to assess the level of ontogenesis of Leishmania strains, as well as for the detection and isolation of metacyclic (invasion) stage from Leishmania cell culture by lectins.

Quantitation of Bacillus anthracis by using of soybean agglutinin conjugates.

We examine the possibility of using the soybean agglutinin (SBA) marked by peroxidase (HRP), biotin, FITC, or gold in order to determine the number of Bacillus anthracis cells of vaccine strain STI. It was shown that the technique based on interaction between the lectin and microbial cell walls likely are not inferior in sensitivity to traditional ELISA variants. The sensitivities of methods were 10(4) cells/ml in the case of SBA-biotin, 10(5) cells/ml in the case of SBA-HRP, or 10(6) cells/ml in the cases of SBA-gold and SBA-FITC.

Comparative studies of the interaction between lectins and Leishmania in agglutination tests and enzyme-linked lectin-biotin assays (ELLBA).

It was demonstrated that soybean agglutinin and peanut agglutinin aggregated all the investigated species of Leishmania, including virulent and avirulent members of L. major in agglutination tests. Concanavalin A and Pisum sativum agglutinin were shown to aggregate L. species ZMA and L. major but showed no effect on L. gymnodactyli and L. mexicana amazonensis which were aggregated by wheat germ agglutinin, an extract from Ulex europaeus and Ricinus communis. There was no correlation between the results of ELLBA studied in agglutination tests. The results indicate that the surfaces of Leishmania strains and species are heterogeneous with respect to lectin binding. There are possibly two subsets of lectin receptors on the surface structures of Leishmania cells.

[Short- and long-term immune status in people after radiation injury as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station]. / Sostoianie immunnogo statusa u liudei v blizhaishie i otdalennye sroki posle luchevogo porazheniia v rezul'tate avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Humoral and cellular factors of the immune system of 133 subjects injured in the Chernobyl accident were studied during first 1.5-2 months after radiation, 5-17 months and 3 years after they suffered acute radiation sickness (I-IV degree). Significant disorders in the immune system correlating with the severity of the disease were recorded. In late terms certain shifts persisted in the immune status of subjects who had suffered acute radiation sickness, II and III degree.

[Dynamics of the immunohematologic indices in patients with acute III-IV degree radiation sickness in the post-pancytopenia period]. / Dinamika immunogematologicheskikh pokazatelei u bol'nykh ostroi luchevoi bolezn'iu III-IV stepeni v postpantsitopenicheskii period.

The paper is concerned with the results of determining the total number of lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and their immunoregulatory subpopulations, B-lymphocyte of peripheral blood, serum IgA, IgG and IgM in 44 patients with ARS, II-IV degree at days 37-109 after the Chernobyl accident. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in all the patients not later than on the 14th day. Among lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes were shown to restore to normal first, the T-helpers/T-suppressors ratio being decreased. In 2 survivors this ratio remained decreased 2 mos. after the normalization of peripheral blood indices. Possibilities of correction of the revealed disorders with immunomodulators were discussed.

[A radioisotope method for assessing the anaphylactogenicity of polymer drugs]. / Radioizotopnyi metod otsenki anafilaktogennosti polimernykh lekarstvennykh sredstv.

A radioisotope technique has been developed for the quantitative assessment of microcirculation disorder in a local anaphylactic focus of guinea pigs sensitized with horse immunoglobulin G and polyethyleneoxide conjugate with 2,4-dinitrophenol. The technique is based on the use of a radioactive tracer, dextran derivative, labelled with radionuclide 125I. The method can be used for studying a safety of new polymer-containing drugs.

[Immunochemical properties of immunoglobulin G conjugated with dextran]. / Immunokhimicheskie svoistva immunoglobulina G, kon"iugirovannogo s dekstranom.

Antigen-binding activity and effector functions of immunoglobulin G from horse and rabbit sera have been investigated, using hemagglutination, kinetic immune lysis, immune lysis in microplates and rosette-forming test with peritoneal mononuclear cells of mice, after their conjugation with dextran, MW 35-50 kD. The formation of conjugates of two types has been demonstrated: protein-dextran and protein-dextran-protein. It has been revealed that protein-dextran-protein conjugates have high specific antigen-binding activity, as compared to native IgG from rabbit sera specific for SRBC, while interactions with the complement system and Fc receptors is depressed.

[Anaphylactogenicity of dextran-conjugated serum globulins]. / Anafilaktogennost' syvorotochnykh globulinov, kon''iugirovannykh s dekstranami.

Active anaphylaxis in 238 guinea-pigs has revealed a decrease in the anaphylactogenic activity of horse blood serum IgG conjugates with dextran and of serum treated with dextran according to Diaferm method. The conjugates were used for a challenge injection. The sensitizing activity of dextran-conjugated proteins was higher than that of native proteins. The effect was most pronounced with 150,000 D dextran used as a matrix. A lower increase in sensitizing protein activity and a decrease in anaphylactogenic activity were achieved with dextran matrix of the molecular weight of 35-50 D and protein/dextran ratio from 1:6 to 1:9.