[Structure of the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus of the bottlenosed dolphin]. / Stroenie sostsevidnykh tel gipotalamusa del'fina afaliny.

In the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) the hypothalamic corpus mammillaris has been studied using interperpendicular, sagittal, frontal and horizontal serial sections, impregnated in silver and stained with cresil-violet. Comparatively small dimentions of the corpora mammillaria in the bottlenosed dolphin are explained by presence of only two nuclei, medial and lateral. The lateral nucleus is nearly three times as large as the medial one. The size of the neurons in the medial nucleus is on the average two times as large as that of neurons in the lateral nucleus. The density of the neural cells distribution is a little greater in the lateral nucleus. The structure of the bottlenosed dolphin corpora mammillaria is compared with similar structures in other animals and the human being.

[Asymmetry in the structure of average and large neurons of the ganglion layer of the frog retina]. / Asimmetriia v stroenii srednikh i krupnykh neironov ganglioznogo sloia setchatki liagushki.

Morphometric analysis of the symmetry of middle and large ganglionic cells was performed on silver-impregnated retinal wholemounts of the frog. The nucleolus and the axis passing through the nucleolus in direction to optic disk were chosen as elements of symmetry characterizing the radial symmetry and bilateral one, respectively. It is demonstrated that the dendritic ramification angles of all cell types are smaller than 360 degrees and the angles of middle-type-GC are smaller than 180 degrees. In addition, their somata do not lie in the centre of the dendritic field, thus ganglionic cells have no radial symmetry. Directions of the axon and dendrites are opposite each other in the most of ganglionic cells, the terminals of dendrites being oriented from retinal centre to periphery in all quadrants of the retinal map. For estimation of bilateral symmetry the distance from the greatest remoted dendritic terminals to cell axis on the left and on the right from it was measured. Besides, the numbers of ramification knots and basal dendrites were counted. Most of ganglionic cells are asymmetrical in 2-3 mentioned structural parameters. Thus, the asymmetry in the structure of frog retinal neurons is rather norm than exception. Correlation between the asymmetry in ganglionic cell structure and functional asymmetry of their receptive fields is discussed.

[Asymmetry in the structural organization of the ganglion layer of the retina in the frog]. / Asimmetriia v strukturnoi organizatsii ganglioznogo sloia setchatki liagushki.

Silver-impregnated retinal preparations were used to study the distribution density and topographic features of small and large ganglionic cells (GC) of Rana ridibunda and Rana temporaria. For both species the increased density of GC (a streak) stretched higher than the naso-temporal axis passing through the optic disk. Beyond the streak the density of small GC was maximal in the central zone of the retina and decreased towards its periphery. For the upper quadrants of the retina the density of small GC was higher than that for the lower ones by 26% on the average. On the contrary, the density of large GC was higher in the lower part of the retina as compared to the upper one, the difference being more pronounced for R. temporaria. The density of large GC was also asymmetric with respect to the dorso-ventral axis being higher in nasal quadrants than in temporal ones by 40-55%. The highest density of large GC was found in the middle zone of the retina. The found structural asymmetry in the retinal output raster may bear an adaptively ecological meaning and may condition the particularities of the formation of the visually guided prey-catching and avoidance reactions.

[Myeloarchitectonics of the hypothalamic mammillary bodies in the bottle-nosed dolphin]. / Mieloarkhitektonika sostsevidnykh tel gipotalamusa del'fina afaliny.

The topography of the main fibrillar bundles realizing the neural connections of the corpora mamillare of the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) hypothalamus has been studied using sagittal, frontal and horizontal serial sections impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with cresil violet. The dolphin main afferent (fornix, mamillary peduncles) and efferent--mamillary-thalamic, mamillary-tegmental tracts--of the corpora mamillare--have an original topography and dimensions distinctive from those of terrestrial mammals, the human being including.

[Changes in the RNA content in neurons and oligodendrogliocytes of the retinal ganglion layer in the frog resulting from stimulation with flashing light]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia RNK v neironakh i oligodendrogliotsitakh ganglioznogo sloia setchatki liagushki v rezul'tate stimuliatsii mel'kaiushchim svetom.

With Rana temporaria, the RNA content was studied cytophotometrically in large neurons of the retina ganglionic layer and in their satellites--oligodendrocytes. Due to light stimulation, the distribution and content of RNA in large neurons and satellite glia are rather specific. A 2 hour stimulation by flashing light with a frequency of 2 Hz (illumination intensity of 70 lx) resulted in increased concentration and amount of RNA both in the structures of large neurons and in the satellite glia, these changes being more pronounced in the former.

[Glial cells of the retina in Rana ridibunda Pall]. / Glial'nye kletki setchatki liagushki Rana ridibunda Pall.

Four types of frog (Rana ridibunda Pall.) retinal glial cells have been described: radial gliocytes (Müller's fibers), oligodendrocytes, spider cells and microglial cells. Estimation of the glial cells has been made for the central, middle and peripheral retinal zones. Oligodendrocytes are predominantly satellites of large neurons in the ganglion layer. The frequency of their occurrence among other cells increases from the retinal center to the periphery. The spider cells are mainly distributed over the central retinal zone, but they are not found in the peripheral one. The microglial cells occur in the ganglion layer more rarely than other glial elements and predominantly in the middle and peripheral retinal zones. Besides, they are presented in the external and internal synaptic layers.

[Differential diagnosis of several allergic and neurologic diseases]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika nekotorykh allergicheskikh i nevrologicheskikh zabolevanii.

An analysis of the disease clinical picture in 205 patients has shown that there are neurological diseases imitating allergy. These are: hypothalamo-diencephalic syndrome, asthenic neurosis, sympathetic truncitis, epilepsy, and cerebrovascular insufficiency in the vertebrobasilar basin. It is primarily the clinical symptoms which are criteria for differential diagnosis. In diagnosing the bronchospastic syndrome use can be also made of changes in catecholamine metabolism and the lymphocyte blast transformation test.