[INFORMATION AWARENESS OF STUDENTS--FUTURE TECHNOLOGY FOR HEALTHY LIFESTYLES TEACHERS AND TRAINING IN THEIR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN AREA OF HUMAN HEALTH PRESERVATION].

In the article there are presented results of the questionnaire survey of students--future technology for healthy lifestyles teachers on issues of shaping of health and a healthy lifestyle. There is given an estimation of the degree of the formedness in students adjustment for healthy lifestyle, including eating behavior and nutrition ration. There were determined basic directions of the shaping of the health-saving competence of the school teacher.

[The cytological indicators of the overall suppression of protein synthesis as revealed by staining with a new monoclonal antibody].

In this work we describe how the nucleolus reacts to inhibition of protein synthesis as revealed by labeling with a new monoclonal antibody A3. In normal cells A3 antigen is observed as numerous foci within the nucleolus. During mitosis A3 antigen is located in a few foci on chromosomes. Regions of A3 localization are susceptible to pepsin treatment but are not susceptible to RNAse A treatment. This fact indicates that A3 antigen is of protein nature. On the ultra structural level, A3 antigen is localized primarily at the periphery of fibrillar centers. Taken together these properties of A3 antigen suggest that it's a component of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. A3 antigen has an intriguing property, namely, an ability to migrate from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm upon inhibition of protein synthesis with anisomycin, puromycin or cycloheximide. The obtained results show that the localization of A3 antigen revealed by the new monoclonal antibody may serve as a cytological indicator of the overall level of protein synthesis in vitro.

Dynamics of antibody nuclease activity in blood of women during pregnancy and lactation.

In human milk we previously found catalytic antibodies (abzymes) catalyzing hydrolysis of DNA, RNA, NMP, NDP, and NTP and also phosphorylation of proteins and lipids. In the present study we have analyzed nuclease activities of antibodies in blood of women during pregnancy and lactation. Blood of healthy male and female volunteers lacked catalytically active antibodies, whereas antibodies from blood of pregnant women hydrolyzed DNA and RNA and their relative activity varied over a wide range. Relative blood abzyme activities significantly increased after delivery and at the beginning of lactation. The highest abzyme activity was observed in blood of parturient women. Although the dynamics of changes in antibody DNase activity during pregnancy was rather individual for each woman, there was a common trend in the increase in antibody activity in the first and/or third trimester of the pregnancy. The DNase activity of IgG and IgM from blood of healthy pregnant women was 4-5 times less than that from pregnant women with pronounced autoimmune thyroiditis.

[Identification of nucleolar antigen in different types of cells using domestic monoclonal antibodies]. / Vyiavlenie iadryshkogo antigena v razlichnykh tipakh kletok s pomoshch'iu otechestvennykh monoklonal'nykh antitel.

Murine hybridoma 3C9 producing BCA-PC monoclonal antibodies and selectively staining the nucleoli in various cells, most intensely in actively proliferating cell cultures, was obtained by somatic hybridization of cells. BCA-PC MAb belong to IgM. As a rule, IgM antibodies are virtually unavailable for intracellular antigens, and therefore a special method has been developed for fixation and performance of indirect immunofluorescence with BCA-PC. By its molecular weight (37 and 43 kD) and distribution in the cellular nucleus, the antigen detected by BCA-PC resembles the nucleolar protein B23 located in the nucleolar granules. The content of B23 increases with malignant degeneration of cells and during cell proliferation. It is therefore believed that the new MAbs will help characterize the proliferative status of cells which determines the malignancy of a pathological process.

Assessment of benz(a)pyrene pollution in the flood area of the Luga river. / Otsenka zagriazneniia benz(a)pirenom lugovykh ploshchadei v poime r. Lugi.

Benz(a)pyrene pollution levels have been identified in the soils and vegetation of the flood plains of the River Luga, Leningrad Region. Maximum pollution exceeding background levels 2-10 times (11.02-52.71 mkg/kg) was detected in the soils around the towns of Luga and Kingisepp. The benz(a)pyrene levels in the vegetation (2.04 mkg/kg) were below background values. No significant correlation was established between the concentrations of pollution in the soil and vegetation. Our data suggest that the area of the mid-course of the River Luga should be preserved as a natural habitat of the plants of the Poaceae family.

[Benz(a)pyrenes and N-nitrosamines in dry dairy products]. / Izuchenie soderzhaniia benz(a)pyrena i N-nitrozoaminov v sukhikh molochnykh produktakh.

Results of works induding study of effect of different factors (environment, type of equipment, technology) on content of cancerogenic substances in dry milk products were summarized. Possible reasons of appearance of cancerogens in milk in process of drying were determined, dataes of concentration of benz(a)pyren and N-nytrozamens in milk and warmth carrier before and after drying were established. Explanation of separate appearances which connect with change of quantity of cancerogens in product on different stages of drying was suggested.

[Evaluation of a drying procedure for dairy products coming in direct contact with flue gases from the oncologic viewpoint]. / Onkogigienicheskaia otsenka tekhnologii sushki molochnykh produktov pri priamom ikh kontakte s dymovymi gazami.

The study was concerned with ambient air and heat-transfer medium levels of benzo(a)-pyrene (BP) and N-nitrosoamines (NA) measured at the input and output of the drying chamber of two milk dryers using different systems of heat generation. Said concentrations were ascertained in the dried product (casein), too. One installation used electricity-heated ambient air, while the other--air-diluted products of natural gas combustion. No significant difference was registered for both dryers between ambient-air and heat-transfer medium concentrations of BP and two NAs detected--NDMA and NDEA. There was no significant difference between BP levels in the casein produced on those installations, the raw material coming from the same lot. The study registered reverse changes in NDMA and NDEA concentrations, with ambient air being heated in the heat generator and heat-transfer agent cooled in the drying chamber.

[The benz[a]pyrene content of the raw material of drug plants collected at different distances from roads]. / Soderzhanie benz[a]pirena v lekarstvennom rastitel'nom syr'e, sobrannom na raznom rasstoianii ot avtodorog.

The fluorescence spectral method was employed to assay benz(a)pyrene (BP) level in medicinal herbs, growing along country roads in Leningrad Province, versus volume of traffic and proximity of roads. In some areas, BP levels in herbs, growing near roads were found to be scores of times the background value (0.3-4.5 micrograms/kg air-dry specimen). A correlation between BP level and proximity of roads held in a 50 m-wide zone. Raised levels of BP in herbs picked in that zone were determined by the morphological features of species and volume of traffic.

[Erythrocyte deformability in acute and chronic kidney failure patients]. / Deformiruemost' éritrotsitov u bol'nykh ostroi i khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

The authors presented some data on the platelet deforming ability in patients with acute and chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis. Platelet deformity was studied by means of a proposed method of the filtration of platelet suspension through glass filtering funnels with a porous plate (GOST 9775-69). The deterioration of platelet deformity in patients with uremia and its direct correlation with a degree of nitremia were established. It was assumed that the deterioration of platelet deformity resulted in premature cell destruction and anemia development. Platelet deformity can be used as a test to characterize platelet function in patients with renal failure. The problem of the appropriateness of trental therapy was discussed.

[Benz(a)pyrene levels in medicinal plants and the possibility of contamination of drugs of plant origin]. / Soderzhanie benz(a)pirena v lekarstvennykh rasteniiakh i vozmozhnosti ego perekhoda v lekarstvennye preparaty rastitel'nogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Benz(a)pyrene (BP) levels in extracts and solvent cake obtained by alcoholic and aqueous extraction of specimens of 20 different medicinal plants were measured to explore into the possibility of its passage from these plants to drugs. Seventy percent alcoholic extracts were found to contain 40-60% of BP passed from raw material, while aqueous extracts--2-3% (in some cases 10-14%). Maximal concentrations of BP in alcoholic extracts were 0.6-0.7 micrograms/1 and 0.03-0.04 micrograms/1--in aqueous ones. A significant correlation between BP level in extracts and its content in plants was established. BP pathways in the course of solasodine manufacturing from nightshade (Solanum lacinatum) were studied. As little as 1% of BP passed to extract after primary extraction in 2%--sulfuric acid. Solasodine contained about 3 micrograms/kg of BP.

[Experimental model for the detection of leukemia-specific antigens in acute leukemias in humans]. / Eksperimental'naia model' dlia obnaruzheniia leikozospetsificheskikh antigenov pri ostrykh leikozakh cheloveka.

An experimental model for demonstration of leukospecific antigens is offered: immunization of animals with leukemic cells from the same patient followed by examination of antisera and performance of adsorption within the autologous system of the same patients suffering from acute leukemia. It has been found that antigenic spectrum of leukemic cells and lymphocytes within the histoidentical system of the same patient varies: the leukemic cells bear additional antigens on their surface whereas mature lymphocytes had none of them. The lack of possibility to compare additional antigens with differentiating antigens enables one to term them as leuko-associated rather than leukospecific antigens.

[Immunogenicity of leukemic cells during low-temperature freezing with different cryoprotectors]. / Immunogennost' leikoznykh kletok pri nizkotemperaturnom zamorazhivanii s razlichnymi krioprotektorami.

Immunogenicity of leukemic cells was studied and compared during conservation with the three cryoprotectors, DMSO, DMAC, and PEO. Immunogenicity of leukemic cells was assessed from immune response of the experimental animals to immunization with these cells (the titer of cytotoxic antibodies and lymphocyte cytotoxicity). The data obtained indicate that immunogenicity of leukemic cells conserved with DMAC and PEO does not virtually differ from that of native cells or of cells conserved with DMSO.

[Comparative studies of the contamination of vegetable food products by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the USSR and East Germany]. / Sravnitel'nye issledovaniia zagriazneniia rastitel'nykh pishchevykh produktov kantserogennymi politsiklicheskimi aromaticheskimi uglevodorodami (PAU) v SSSR i GDR.

The content of benz(a)pyrene (BP) in the soil of the agricultural regions of the USSR, away from the intense sources of industrial wastes ranges within 1-10 microgram/kg and depends on the soil type. In the vicinity of the industrial enterprises, the BP content in the soil may be tens thousand times higher. The baseline natural content of BP in the green parts of the vegetables constitutes 1-5 microgram/kg, while in the grain, seeds and fruit it is 10-100 times lower. In the vicinity of the sources of industrial wastes, the BP content in the green parts of the vegetables, in the grain, seeds and fruit was found to be drastically increased. There is a correlation between the BP content in the potato tubers and the soil where the potato is grown.

[Potential for benz(alpha)pyrene uptake from the soil into potato tubers and grain]. / Izuchenie vozmozhnosti postupleniia benz(al'fa)pirena iz pochvy v klubni kartofelia i zerno.

A significant correlation between benz(a)pyrene concentration in soil and potato tubers was established for its soil level of 0.6-50.0 mg/kg. This points to potato uptake of the carcinogen even at low levels of pollution. Absence of correlation between benz(a)pyrene concentrations in grain (husk) and soil even for relatively high levels of soil pollution (up to 320 micrograms/kg) shows that wheat and millet grains do not absorb the carcinogen.

[Correlation of the 3,4-benzopyrene content in grain, grist products and baked bread]. / Sootnoshenie soderzhaniia 3,4-benzpirena v zerne, produktakh pomola i vypechennom khlebe.

The content of 3,4-benz (a) pyrene (BP) in wheat corn, grist products and baked bread was studied by the fluorescent-spectral technique under different content of the carcinogen in the initial corn. The content of BP in grist products correlated, within the range of experimental errors, with its content in corn. The content in flour was 30-60% of the total content in grist products. The bread baked from the dough that included only flour, yeast and water had much less BP (with reference to dry weight) as compared with that in the initial flour. Provided the dough was supplemented with KBrO3 the bread contained twice as much BP unlike that to which KBrO3 had not been added.

[Effect of interferon on the immune response of mice to immunization with the cells of transplantable leukemias and sarkomas]. / Vliianie interferona na immunnyi otvet myshei pri immunizatsii kletkami perevivaemykh leikozov i sarkom.

The treatment of cells L-1210 and MX-11 in vitro with interferon, prior to their injection to mice, caused an enhancement of specific humoral response and cytotoxic action of immune lymphocytes to Cr51 labelled target cells. The injecting of mice with allogeneic interferon-containing serum against the background of immunization with L-1210 cells produces an enhancing effect upon the immune response. Much more marked enhancing effect was observed when using syngeneic interferon-containing serum. Short-term treatment of lymphocytes, being immune to L-1210 cells, with interferon in vitro leads to the increase of their specific cytotoxicity to Cr51 labelled cells. Pre-treatment of leukemic cells with interferon would enhance their sensitivity to specific antibodies. It is suggested to use an active immunization of acute leukemia patients with allogeneic leukemic cells pre-incubated in interferon in combination with the injection of interferon-containing donor plasma.

[Increase in the sensitivity of leukemia cells, incubated in interferon, to the effect of immune serum]. / Povyshenie chuvstvitel'nosti leikoznykh kletok, inkubirovannykh v interferone, k deistviiu immunoi syvorotki

L-1210 AND P-388 leukemic cells were incubated in three types of interferon, i.e. L-cell interferon and two types of lymphocyte interferon (induced in the lymph node lymphocytes of intact mice and the lymphocytes obtained on the 10th day after intraperitoneal injections of 5-10(7) L-1210 cells). "False" interferon obtained by the method analogous to that of obtaining L-cell interferon, excluding the viral induction, was used for control. Cells incubated in interferon proved to be more sensitive to the action of the cytotoxic antibodies than those treated with "false" interferon. Treatment of the cells with lymphocytic interferon induced on the lymphocytes of immune mice increased their sensitivity even more in comparison with the cells treated with interferon obtained from intact mice.

[Enhancement of the immune response following immunization with L1210 cells preliminarily incubated with interferon]. / Usilenie immunogo otveta pri immunizatisii kletakami L1210, predvaritel'no inkubirovannymi v interferone

A single intraperitioneal injection of L 1210 cells preincubated in interferon or in "false interferon" was given to mice. These mice were sacrificed on the 10th day, and cytotoxicity of the sera against the L 1210 leukemic cells vas determined in the microcytotoxic test (modification of Terasaki's method). Leukemic cells treated with interferon before the immunization caused a more pronounced immune response in comparison with the cells treated under the same conditions with "false interferon". By the results of cytotoxic reaction immune response was enhanced 2-4-fold.