Not all colonic growths are malignant.

We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who was diagnosed to have adenocarcinoma of the caecum based on the clinical, radiological, histopathological and intraoperative findings. However, postoperative histopathology showed only features of xanthogranulomatous inflammation without any evidence of malignancy. This benign chronic inflammatory condition could present as a histological surprise. It is important for both surgeons and pathologists alike to be aware of this.

Fecal total iron concentration is inversely associated with fecal Lactobacillus in preschool children.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Iron deficiency is associated with stunting and poor performance in children. Oral iron supplementation is widely promoted to correct iron deficiency. However, excess iron may be toxic to beneficial luminal gut bacteria and could support growth of pathobionts. The aim of this study is to analyze the fecal total iron concentration and fecal Lactobacillus levels in a cohort of stunted and normal children. METHODS: The study was undertaken in two different locations. One of them is a rural area, and the other is a semi-urban-slum area; both areas are located in the Vellore district of Tamilnadu state. Twenty children (10 stunted and 10 normal growth) aged 2 to 5 years from each area were recruited. Both groups were nearly identical demographically. Fecal samples were collected. Fecal total iron was estimated, and fecal DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rDNA-targeted real-time PCR to determine the relative predominance of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli. RESULTS: The fecal total iron concentration in rural children (3656 µg/g wet wt. of feces) was significantly higher when compared with semi-urban-slum children (114.9 µg/g wet wt. of feces, P < 0.005). Inversely, fecal Lactobacillus in rural children (median 3.18 × 10-3 relative difference compared with total bacteria) was significantly lower when compared with semi-urban-slum children (median 59.33 × 10-3 , p < 0.005). There was no significant change observed between normal and stunted children. E. coli levels remained unaffected. CONCLUSION: The present study documents an inverse relationship between fecal iron concentration and fecal Lactobacillus concentration in children belonging to two different localities independent of their nutritional status.

A Case Report of a Giant Tubular Adenoma With a Concurrent Fibroadenoma of the Breast.

Tubular adenomas are rare benign epithelial tumors of the breast. Only a handful of cases have been reported in literature. We describe a very rare case of a giant tubular adenoma with a concurrent fibroadenoma in a young woman.

Gene therapy for haemophilia.

BACKGROUND: Haemophilia is a genetic disorder which is characterized by spontaneous or provoked, often uncontrolled, bleeding into joints, muscles and other soft tissues. Current methods of treatment are expensive, challenging and involve regular administration of clotting factors. Gene therapy has recently been prompted as a curative treatment modality. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of gene therapy for treating people with haemophilia A or B. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis & Genetic Disorders Group's Coagulopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews.Date of last search: 06 November 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Eligible trials included randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials, including controlled clinical trials comparing gene therapy (with or without standard treatment) with standard treatment (factor replacement) or other 'curative' treatment such as stem cell transplantation individuals with haemophilia A or B of all ages who do not have inhibitors to factor VIII or IX. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No trials of gene therapy for haemophilia were found. MAIN RESULTS: No trials of gene therapy for haemophilia were identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: No randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials of gene therapy for haemophilia were identified. Thus, we are unable to determine the effects of gene therapy for haemophilia. Gene therapy for haemophilia is still in its nascent stages and there is a need for well-designed clinical trials to assess the long-term feasibility, success and risks of gene therapy for people with haemophilia.