Anaplastic Transformation of Sphenoid Wing Meningioma With Orbital and Cavernous Sinus Invasion: Unveiling the Aggressive Nature.

Primary tumors in the central nervous system, known as meningiomas, are frequently found and constitute a substantial proportion of tumor cases. Although generally benign, there are occasional cases where they might exhibit malignant characteristics. Anaplastic meningioma is a rare subtype of malignant meningiomas, representing only a small proportion of cases. We present the case of a 70-year-old female patient who presented to the Neurosurgery Clinic of University Hospital "Saint George" with clinical manifestations of monocular vision and blurry vision in the right eye for three months. On physical examination, unilateral ptosis and mydriasis were noted in the left eye. MRI revealed an extra-axial mass located supratentorial in the left temporopolar region affecting the wing of the left sphenoidal bone, invading the cavernous sinus, suppressing the left and right optic nerves, and involving the left orbit. Operative treatment was performed through a left pterional craniotomy and resection of the tumor mass by microsurgical technique. The subdural, epidural, and intraorbital mass were resected. Total removal of the tumor was not achievable and subtotal resection was performed. Pathology results showed that the tumor mass was anaplastic meningioma. Surgery-related complications were not observed. Postoperatively, the patient was mobilized on the day after intervention and the control CT scan showed no ischemic or hemorrhagic events. The patient experienced relief in her symptoms and was discharged on the fifth day. The patient underwent radiation therapy, resulting in the complete removal of the left tumor in the cavernous sinus. After six months, no tumor recurrence was found, and a long-term follow-up is planned to monitor for possible recurrence.

Initial Experience with O-Arm Navigated Spinal Surgery - Report on Two Cases.

Image-guided spinal surgery is becoming increasingly popular because it allows surgeons to achieve minimal invasiveness and maximum precision in the performed procedures. We present our initial experience with two cases operated on using O-arm-based spinal navigation at the Clinic of Neurosurgery in St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In the first case, we performed removal of extradural spinal tumor of the sixth thoracic vertebra and O-arm-navigated pedicle screw fixation. In the second case, we performed O-arm-navigated corpectomy of the fifth cervical vertebra and anterior spinal reconstruction and fusion with titanium expandable mesh and cervical plate in connection with degenerative narrowing of the cervical spinal canal that lead to clinically manifested myelopathy. The initial experience allows us to conclude that O-arm-based image-guided spinal surgery can lead to considerably higher precision of spinal instrumented procedures. At the same time, it reduces the irradiation dose of the patient and surgical team.

Surgical management of metastatic tumors of the cervical spine.

OBJECTIVE: To present the results from the clinical presentation, the imaging diagnostics, surgery and postoperative status of 17 patients with cervical spine metastases, to analyse all data and make the respective conclusions and compare them with the available data in the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study analysed data obtained by patients with metastatic cervical tumours treated in St George University Hospital over a period of seven years. All patients underwent diagnostic imaging tests which included, separately or in combination, cervical x-rays, computed tomography scan and magnetic-resonance imaging. Severity of neurological damage and its pre- and postoperative state was graded according to the Frankel Scale. For staging and operating performance we used the Tomita scale and Harrington classification. RESULTS: Seven patients had only one affected vertebra, 4 patients--two vertebrae, one patient--three vertebrae, 2 patients--four vertebrae, and in the other 3 patients more than one segment was affected. Surgery was performed in 12 patients. One level anterior corpectomy was performed in 6 patients, three patients had two-level surgery, and one patient--three-level corpectomy; in the remaining 2 cases we used posterior approach in surgery. Complete corpectomy was performed in 4 patients, subtotal corpectomy was used in 6 patients and partial--in 2 patients. Anterior stabilization system ADD plus (Ulrich GmbH & Co. KG, Ulm, Germany) was implanted in 2 patients; in 8 patients anterior titanium plate and bone graft were used, and in 1 patient--posterior cervical stabilization system. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the pronounced pain syndrome and frequent neurological lesions as a result of the cervical spine metastases use of surgery is justified. The main purpose is to maximize tumor resection, achieve optimal spinal cord and nerve root decompression and stabilize the affected segment.

Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma. A case report.

UNLABELLED: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare disorder. We present a case of a 55-year-old man who was awakened by severe pain in the neck and shoulders and inability to move his arms and legs. He was admitted to the clinic as an emergency. His physical status showed no abnormalities. The local status presented with roughly expressed cervical vertebral syndrome. Neurological examination found quadriplegia of acute onset. Distal parahypesthesia with sensory level at the nipples was found. The patient suffered urine retention. Laboratory blood tests showed no coagulation disorder. Spiral computed tomography of the cervical region was performed. The CT image revealed a muff-shaped acute epidural hematoma around the cervical dural membrane with lower thickness on the right side and levels from C2 to C4. Emergency right-sided hemilaminectomy of C3 vertebra was performed. A hard blood clot forming acute epidural hematoma was removed. The patient recovered completely for ten days after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In sudden occurrence of neck pain associated with neurological deficit in the arms spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma should be suspected. Spiral scanner and magnetic resonance are imaging techniques of choice in these patients. The favorable outcome of the disease depends on the prompt diagnosis and emergency removal of the hematoma.

Recurrence of epidermoid cyst in the third ventricle. Case report.

The authors present the case of a 34-year-old man. The patients was admitted for the second time in the clinic. A year before an epidermoid cyst of the third ventricle, obstructing the two foramen Monroe and causing acute hydrocephaly, was surgically removed. In the operative intervention a cerebral fenestration of the lateral cerebral ventricle was performed and the epidermoid cyst was totally extirpated through the right foramen Monroe under operative microscope. The patient was discharged in excellent state, without complaints and neurological symptoms. The patient received attacks of severe headaches, staggering gate and double vision two months before his second admission. The neurological examination revealed paresis of left nervus abducens, staggering gait and pronounced psychic symptoms. The computed tomography of the brain revealed cystic formation, 3.4 cm in diameter, in the front part of the third cerebral ventricle. The intervention was performed after preoperative management of the patient and a cystic tumor with the histologic characteristics of an epidermoid cyst was totally extirpated under operative microscope, using the same approach as in the first operation. The patient was discharged in good state without complaints and no abnormalities detected in the neurological status.