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3.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent ; 22(5): 823-832, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33782879

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hypnosis (H) and Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) have proven to be effective in a variety of medical settings; there is a paucity of their practical application in paediatric dentistry. The study aimed to comparatively evaluate the role of H and PMR on anxiety, heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SPO2), blood pressure (BP), pain, and analgesic requirement during extraction in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty children aged 8-12 years undergoing primary molar extractions were randomly allocated to three groups-H, PMR, and control (C). The anxiety (proposed Visual Facial Anxiety scale), HR, and SPO2 were measured pre/post-operatively with/without interventions (H, PMR, C) at 4 intervals. The BP and pain (Wong-Baker faces pain scale) were recorded pre- and post-operatively. Need for analgesic post-operatively was assessed. RESULTS: Statistically significant reduction in anxiety was noted post-extraction in H (0.30 ± 0.80), PMR (0.50 ± 0.69) (p < 0.001*). HR showed a statistically significant drop after H, PMR application. (p < 0.001*) No significant difference in SPO2 was noted in the three groups (p > 0.05). Pain control was well achieved using H (85%), PMR (70%); BP was well-regulated in the H, PMR compared to C group (p < 0.001*). Need for analgesics was reduced in H (45%), PMR (50%) versus C (100%). Both techniques H, PMR were comparable in all measures. CONCLUSION: Hypnosis and PMR are effective techniques for anxiolysis and pain control in paediatric dental patients.


Assuntos
Treinamento Autógeno , Hipnose , Manejo da Dor , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Criança , Humanos , Dor , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Medição da Dor , Extração Dentária
4.
Clin Radiol ; 76(4): 314.e17-314.e23, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33526255

RESUMO

AIM: To analyse the technical challenges, clinical success, and associated complications of endovascular and percutaneous embolisation of pancreatitis-related pseudoaneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of patients referred for embolisation of pancreatitis-related pseudoaneurysms between January 2014 and March 2019 was conducted. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed to assess the morphology of the aneurysms prior to any intervention. Percutaneous or endovascular embolisation was performed. Details of CTA and methods of embolisation were recorded. Technical success, clinical success, and complications were reported. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients (mean age, 40.69 ± 13.41 years, 73 male) underwent embolisation during the study period. Pseudoaneurysms were related to chronic pancreatitis (CP) in 44 (55%) patients and acute pancreatitis (AP) in 36 (45%) patients. Pseudoaneurysms were detected in 65 (81.2%) patients on CTA. The most common site of pseudoaneurysms was gastroduodenal artery (GDA) followed by splenic artery. Seven patients were treated with percutaneous thrombin injection and five were treated with percutaneous glue injection under ultrasound/fluoroscopy guidance. The remaining patients (n=68) underwent catheter angiography with endovascular embolisation. Technical success was achieved in 4/7 (57%) percutaneous thrombin cases and in all the cases (5/5, 100%) with percutaneous glue or endovascular (68/68,100%) embolisation. CONCLUSION: Endovascular or percutaneous embolisation of pseudoaneurysms has high technical success with an excellent safety profile.


Assuntos
Falso Aneurisma/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Pancreatite/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Artérias/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Duodeno/irrigação sanguínea , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Adesivo Tecidual de Fibrina/administração & dosagem , Artéria Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatite Crônica/complicações , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Artéria Esplênica/diagnóstico por imagem , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Trombina/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem
6.
J Gastrointest Cancer ; 50(4): 901-906, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30397856

RESUMO

AIM: Thick-walled gallbladder is difficult to characterize on conventional imaging. 18F-FDG PET was used to differentiate benign and malignant wall thickness and compared with histopathology. METHODS: Thirty patients with gallbladder (GB) wall thickening (focal > 4 mm and diffuse > 7 mm), underwents uspected on  ultrasound, or CT scan, and underwent 18F-FDG PET. Histopathology of the specimen was compared with imaging findings. RESULTS: The mean age was 48.22 ± 31.33 years with a M:F 1:4 ratio. Twenty patients had diffuse and 10 had focal thickening. On 18F-FDG PET, lesion was benign in 12, malignant in 13, and indeterminate in 5. Histopathology was malignancy in 12; benign in 18-chronic cholecystitis in 11, xanthogranulomatous in 4, IgG4 related in 2, and polyp in 1. The mean GB wall thickness was 7.79 ± 3.59 mm (10.34 malignant and 6.10 in benign, p = 0.001). At a cutoff of 8.5 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting malignancy was 94% and 67%. The mean SUV uptake was 7.46 (benign 4.51, malignant 14.26, p = 0.0102). At a cutoff of 5.95, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting malignancy was 92% and 79%. For 18F-FDG PET, overall sensitivity was 91%, specificity 79%, PPV 77%, NPV 92%, and diagnostic accuracy was 84%. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET is a reliable method of differentiation between benign and malignant thickening of the gallbladder particularly when wall thickness and SUV value is taken into account.


Assuntos
Colecistite/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Colecistectomia , Colecistite/patologia , Colecistite/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/administração & dosagem , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Viral Hepat ; 25(7): 771-778, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29377464

RESUMO

Novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are now the standard of care for the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Branded DAAs are associated with high sustained virological response at 12 weeks post-completion of therapy (SVR12), but are costly. We aimed to assess the efficacy of generic oral DAAs in a real-life clinical scenario. Consecutive patients with known HCV infection who were treated with generic-oral DAA regimens (May 2015 to January 2017) were included. Demographic details, prior therapy and SVR12 were documented. Four hundred and ninety patients (mean age: 38.9 ± 12.7 years) were treated with generic DAAs in the study time period. Their clinical presentations included chronic hepatitis (CHC) in 339 (69.2%) of cases, compensated cirrhosis in 120 (24.48%) cases and decompensated cirrhosis in 31 (6.32%) cases. Genotype 3 was most common (n = 372, 75.9%) followed by genotype 1 (n = 97, 19.8%). Treatment naïve and treatment-experienced (defined as having previous treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin) were 432 (88.2%) and 58 (11.8%), respectively. Generic DAA treatment regimens included sofosbuvir in combination with ribavirin (n = 175), daclatasvir alone (n = 149), ribavirin and peginterferon (n = 80), ledipasvir alone (n = 43), daclatasvir and ribavirin (n = 37), and ledipasvir and ribavirin (n = 6). Overall SVR12 was 95.9% (470/490) for all treatment regimens. SVR12 for treatment naïve and experienced patients was 97.0% (419/432) and 87.9% (51/58), respectively, P = .005. High SVR12 was observed with various regimens, irrespective of genotype and underlying liver disease status. There were no differences in SVR12 with 12 or 24 weeks therapy. No major adverse event occurred requiring treatment stoppage. Generic oral DAAs are associated with high SVR rates in patients with HCV infection in a real-life clinical scenario.


Assuntos
Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos Genéricos/administração & dosagem , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Administração Oral , Adulto , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Medicamentos Genéricos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 180(2): 341-51, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25492061

RESUMO

Serine protease activity of Per a 10 from Periplaneta americana modulates dendritic cell (DC) functions by a mechanism(s) that remains unclear. In the present study, Per a 10 protease activity on CD40 expression and downstream signalling was evaluated in DCs. Monocyte-derived DCs from cockroach-allergic patients were treated with proteolytically active/heat-inactivated Per a 10. Stimulation with active Per a 10 demonstrated low CD40 expression on DCs surface (P < 0·05), while enhanced soluble CD40 level in the culture supernatant (P < 0·05) compared to the heat-inactivated Per a 10, suggesting cleavage of CD40. Per a 10 activity reduced the interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion by DCs (P < 0·05) compared to heat-inactivated Per a 10, indicating that low CD40 expression is associated with low levels of IL-12 secretion. Active Per a 10 stimulation caused low nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in DCs compared to heat-inactivated Per a 10. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway suppressed the CD40 expression and IL-12 secretion by DCs, further indicating that NF-κB is required for CD40 up-regulation. CD40 expression activated the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thereby suggesting its involvement in NF-κB activation. Protease activity of Per a 10 induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation that showed no significant effect on CD40 expression by DCs. However, inhibiting p38 MAPK or NF-κB suppressed the secretion of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α by DCs. Such DCs further reduced the secretion of IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α by CD4(+) T cells. In conclusion, protease activity of Per a 10 reduces CD40 expression on DCs. CD40 down-regulation leads to low NF-κB levels, thereby modulating DC-mediated immune responses.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Proteínas de Insetos/imunologia , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases/imunologia , Periplaneta/imunologia , Regulação para Cima/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Fator 6 Associado a Receptor de TNF/imunologia
10.
Clin Radiol ; 69(3): 315-22, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24290774

RESUMO

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is the sixth most common extrapulmonary site of involvement. The sites of involvement in abdominal tuberculosis, in descending order of frequency, are lymph nodes, genitourinary tract, peritoneal cavity, and gastrointestinal tract. The radiological armamentarium for evaluating tuberculosis of the small bowel (SBTB) includes barium studies (small bowel follow-through, SBFT), CT (multidetector CT, CT enterography, and CT enteroclysis), ultrasound (sonoenteroclysis), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; enterography and enteroclysis). In this review, we illustrate the abnormalities at MDCT enterography in 20 consecutive patients with SB TB and also describe extraluminal findings in these patients. MDCT enterography allows non-invasive good-quality assessment of well-distended bowel loops and the adjacent soft tissues. It displays the thickness and enhancement of the entire bowel wall in all three planes and allows examination of all bowel loops, especially the ileal loops, which are mostly superimposed. The terminal ileum and ileocaecal junction are the most common sites of small bowel involvement in intestinal TB. The most common abnormality is short-segment strictures with symmetrical concentric mural thickening and homogeneous mural enhancement. Other findings include lymphadenopathy, ascites, enteroliths, peritoneal thickening, and enhancement. In conclusion, MDCT enterography is a comprehensive technique for the evaluation of SB TB.


Assuntos
Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagem , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/patologia
11.
Aust Dent J ; 58(1): 34-40, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23441790

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Along with conventional periodontal surgical therapy, local delivery of antibiotics may provide more effective treatment in smokers by targeting tissue-invasive bacteria. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial was to evaluate the adjunctive effects of subgingivally delivered 0.5% azithromycin (AZM) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were randomized and categorized into two treatment groups: Group 1 - 26 subjects who received (SRP) plus placebo gel and Group 2 - 28 subjects who received (SRP) plus 0.5% azithromycin. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. They included Plaque Index (PI), modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). RESULTS: Azithromycin resulted in significant improvements. A single application of AZM resulted in attachment gain at 9 months of 2.44 ± 0.64 mm as compared to 0.18 ± 0.68 mm for the placebo. Similarly, pocket depth and PI were significantly reduced but no change in the mSBI was noted. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to the placebo, the adjunctive use of 0.5% AZM resulted in significant improvement in clinical outcome in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Azitromicina/administração & dosagem , Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Fumar , Administração Oral , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Géis , Humanos , Masculino , Índice Periodontal , Aplainamento Radicular/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Aust Dent J ; 57(4): 429-34, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23186566

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dentinal hypersensitivity has been defined as a short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentine as a result of various stimuli such as heat, cold, chemical, or osmotic, that cannot be ascribed to any other pathology. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes in the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity. METHODS: A total of 149 subjects (72 males and 77 females; aged 20 to 60 years) were entered into the study and randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 - toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate; Group 2 - toothpaste containing 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate with fused silica; Group 3 - toothpaste containing 3.85% amine fluoride; and Group 4 - a placebo toothpaste. After sensitivity scores for controlled air stimulus and cold water at baseline were recorded, subjects were given toothpastes and sensitivity scores were measured again at 2 weeks and 6 weeks. RESULTS: All groups showed a reduction in sensitivity scores at 2 weeks and 6 weeks. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group was found to be significantly better compared to the other groups at the end of 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group showed a better reduction in the symptoms of dentinal hypersensitivity.


Assuntos
Sensibilidade da Dentina/tratamento farmacológico , Cremes Dentais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Aminas/uso terapêutico , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitratos/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Silicatos/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Fluoretos de Estanho/uso terapêutico , Cremes Dentais/química , Adulto Jovem
13.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 42(3): 412-22, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22356142

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Serine protease activity of Per a 10 from Periplaneta americana induces airway inflammation and systemic Th2 response towards self and bystander allergen. OBJECTIVE: In the present study the effect of proteolytic activity of Per a 10 allergen on dendritic cells (DCs) polarization and consequent T cell response was investigated. METHODS: Non-atopic subjects with no family history of asthma/allergy were recruited for the study. CD14(+) peripheral blood monocytes were purified, differentiated to immature DCs and stimulated with proteolytically active/inactivated native or recombinant Per a 10. DCs phenotype was analysed with flow cytometry and antigen presenting function assessed by co-culturing with autologous CD4(+) T cells. Cytokine levels were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: Immature DCs differentiated into mature CD14(-)CD83(+)HLA-DR(+) cells after incubating with proteolytically active/inactivated or recombinant Per a 10. Proteolytically active Per a 10 induced significant CD86 up-regulation on DCs compared to inactivated or recombinant Per a 10 lacking enzymatic activity. Proteolytic activity of Per a 10 showed dose-dependent effect on expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CD1a and HLA-DR. However, no significant differences were observed phenotypically in active or inactive forms except for CD86. Active Per a 10 stimulated DCs secreted significantly low IL-12 (P < 0.01) and high IL-6, compared to inactive forms of Per a 10. Naive CD4(+) T cells primed with active Per a 10 pulsed DCs also secreted significantly less IL-12 (P < 0.01) and high IL-4, IL-5 plus IL-6 (P < 0.01); in contrast to DCs pulsed with inactivated or recombinant Per a 10. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Proteolytic activity of Per a 10 modulates DCs towards type 2 by CD86 up-regulation, high IL-6 and reduced IL-12 secretions. Proteolytically inactive Per a 10 can be further explored for immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Antígeno B7-2/biossíntese , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Interleucina-12/biossíntese , Periplaneta/imunologia , Serina Proteases/imunologia , Animais , Apresentação de Antígeno/imunologia , Antígeno B7-2/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Fenótipo
14.
Indian J Nephrol ; 21(4): 283-5, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22022092

RESUMO

Histoplasmosis is a geographically restricted form of fungal infection. Adrenal involvement is seen in disseminated disease but sometimes it may be the only site of demonstrable disease. Early diagnosis and treatment may save the patient from catastrophic adrenal insufficiency. We present two patients showing bilateral adrenomegaly on ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT, and was diagnosed to have histoplasmosis on fine-needle aspiration cytology.

15.
Indian J Nephrol ; 21(3): 198-200, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21886982

RESUMO

Pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder are rare tumors. They present with nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms, so imaging plays an important role in diagnosing and localizing the tumor. We present two cases of bladder pheochromocytoma, one of them presented with vague abdominal pain and the other with hematuria. Biphasic CT in both the cases showed hypervascular intravesical mass suggestive of bladder pheochromocytoma. The lesions were confirmed biochemically or on postoperative histopathology. A brief review of the imaging in bladder pheochromocytoma is also presented.

17.
Hernia ; 14(2): 159-64, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19908108

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (TDH) resulting from traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) may not be easily detected and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case note analysis was performed of all patients treated for TDR at a major teaching hospital between March 2003 and March 2008. The aetiological factors, associated injuries, management and outcome were analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were studied (24 males, 3 females) and their ages ranged from 16 to 72 years (median 35 years). TDR was left-sided in 85% and right-sided in 15%. Aetiology was blunt trauma in 81% and 19% had penetrating injury. Associated injuries were present in 81%. The most common approach for repair was transabdominal (89%); additional thoracotomy was needed in 11%. Herniation of abdominal contents was present in 85% and herniation of more than one organ was present in 57%. The diaphragmatic rent was repaired primarily in 89% using nonabsorbable sutures. Post-operative pulmonary complications occurred in 52% of patients. Three patients (11%) died. CONCLUSION: Left-sided blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture was more common than right-sided rupture. The most commonly herniated organs were the stomach and colon. Most ruptures could be repaired by an abdominal approach, which also allowed a complete exploration of the abdominal organs. Careful attention should be given to associated intra-abdominal injuries. Most of the defects were repaired directly using nonabsorbable sutures.


Assuntos
Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/diagnóstico por imagem , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/etiologia , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Técnicas de Sutura , Toracotomia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Indian J Cancer ; 46(1): 61-3, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19282569

RESUMO

Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin known to arise in soft tissue, liver and lung. We describe a case of coexistent hepatic and pulmonary epitheloid hemangioendothelioma, proven on autopsy, and review the histological and radiological features of epitheloid hemangioendothelioma. The coexistence of hepatic with pulmonary EHE has been reported in only a few cases. Large confluent masses, peripheral location with capsular retraction, hypertrophy of uninvolved liver, invasion of portal and hepatic veins, enhancing margins and delayed enhancement and dense calcification are the typical features which provide a clue to diagnosis of hepatic EHE. In patients with both hepatic and pulmonary EHE it is difficult to say whether the tumor arose primarily in the lung or liver, or began simultaneously in both organs.


Assuntos
Hemangioendotelioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Idoso , Autopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Hemangioendotelioma/complicações , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
20.
Hum Exp Toxicol ; 27(1): 55-63, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18480150

RESUMO

Diallyl sulfide, a sulfur-containing volatile compound present in garlic (Allium sativum), exerts anticarcinogenic activity in various rodent tumor models. In the present study, apoptosis-inhibiting effects of diallyl sulfide against a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA), in Swiss albino mice were observed. The animals were given either 250 microg/mouse or 500 mug/mouse of diallyl sulfide for 1 week after a single intragastric dose of 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (50 mg/kg body weight). Results showed that diallyl sulfide supplementation effectively protects against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced oxidative stress, characterized by restored antioxidant enzyme levels (up to 64%) and lipid peroxidation (up to 25%). Flow cytometric analysis showed a reduction in apoptotic cell population in hypodiploid region in diallyl sulfide-supplemented animals. Inhibition of apoptosis was preceded by decrease in reactive oxygen species levels and restoration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential followed by decreased DNA fragmentation. In 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-exposed animals, downregulation approximately 30%) of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and upregulation (approximately 60%) of pro-apoptotic Bax proteins were observed. These alterations were restored significantly by diallyl sulfide supplementation, indicating inhibition of apoptosis. Thus, these results show that diallyl sulfide provides protection against oxidative damage induced by 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene in mouse liver and may be an effective chemopreventive and therapeutic agent by modulating expression of cell-growth regulatory proteins.


Assuntos
9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/toxicidade , Compostos Alílicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Genes bcl-2 , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Membranas Mitocondriais/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genética
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