RESUMO
Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significant impact on everyone's lives and put a tremendous strain on healthcare systems. Since the outbreak began, remdesivir has been investigated as a potential treatment for COVID-19 that may be both effective and safe. Remdesivir has had a huge impact on the disease's progression, complications, and mortality. This review provides an updated assessment of the literature regarding remdesivir's efficacy and safety for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus for articles published from 2019 to September 20, 2022. Studies that assessed remdesivir's efficacy and safety were included in this review, with clinical improvements as the primary outcome measure. Seventeen studies were identified following the implementation of the search strategy. Among them, 11 corroborated remdesivir's efficacy. Meanwhile, the remaining six studies did not observe a statistically significant difference in clinical improvement. Remdesivir is a potentially safe and effective antiviral that shows clinical improvement especially when used during the early course of the disease. However, current literature still questions its safety in patients who are afflicted with the complications of COVID-19, highlighting the need for studies on a large scale.
RESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis being a prominent risk factor for their development. The current diagnostic criteria for atherosclerosis rely primarily on imaging techniques, including an angiogram. However, current diagnostic procedures fail to provide insights into the plaque's burden and composition. Therefore, nanotechnology is recommended as a novel drug delivery method in treating atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular diseases to enhance clinical outcomes. This review discusses the different approaches in which nanotechnology can be applied in the diagnosis and drug delivery of cardiovascular diseases. A systematic review was carried out in line with the PRISMA reporting guidelines, with the literature databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science being screened for relevant literature. Any study that discussed and reported on the application of nanotechnology for either the diagnosis or drug delivery in atherosclerotic patients was included in this review, with each novel design identified in the citations being contrasted to that of the other literature. Moreover, the efficacy of this technology was compared to current diagnostic and drug delivery methods. The search strategy yielded 14 studies relevant to the aims of this review. Nine assessed the therapeutic applications of nanotechnology, 3 solely assessed the diagnostic applications of nanotechnology, and 2 discussed the diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The nanoparticle designs differed significantly between studies; however, all noted a superior therapeutic and diagnostic benefit compared to current approaches to diagnosing and treating atherosclerosis. Multifunctional nanoparticles are a feasible and appropriate novel approach to diagnosing and treating atherosclerosis.
