[Medical audit of neonatal deaths with the "three delay" model in a pediatric hospital in Ouagadougou]. / Audit médical des décès néonatals selon le modèle des trois retards, en milieu hospitalier pédiatrique de Ouagadougou.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the causes of neonatal deaths and their contributing factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the "three-delay model" to conduct an audit of the neonatal deaths that occurred between January 2006 and December 2010 at the Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital, in Ouagadougou. RESULTS: The neonatal mortality rate was 12.3%. The main direct causes were infections (70%), cerebral distress (10%), respiratory distress (7%), congenital malformations (5.5%), prematurity (4.5%) and hemorrhagic syndromes (3%). All three delays were found: in decision making in 64.4% of cases, in access to health services in 77%, and in receiving appropriate care in 66.9%; they multiplied the risk of death by a factor of 4, 3 and 5, respectively. CONCLUSION: To reduce deaths of newborn babies, it is necessary to overcome the three delays that contribute to it, pending the improvement of socioeconomic conditions of populations. This combat requires optimizing the implementation of the subsidies for obstetric and neonatal emergency care and strengthening the involvement of all stakeholders, specifically, policy makers, the community and health professionals.

[Factors associated with overweight and obesity in children in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. / Facteurs associés au surpoids et à l'obésité des élèves de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

INTRODUCTION: The international community is increasing concerned about obesity, which it has become one of the most common noninfectious pandemics worldwide and affects a growing number of children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study from May 25 to June 16, 2010, among a sample of 435 randomly selected students in secondary schools in the city of Ouagadougou to identify the factors contributing to obesity and overweight. RESULTS: The main factors significantly associated with obesity and overweight were family history of obesity (OR = 7.4), higher socioeconomic level (OR = 3.8), snacking on candy (OR = 5, 3), pastry (OR = 3.5), and chocolate (OR = 12.6), frequent consumption of sweets (OR = 2.2), lack of physical activity (OR = 4.4), and conflictual family relationships (OR = 3.9). CONCLUSION: Dealing with these factors in prevention activities should help to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their morbid consequences later on.