[Social-hygienic and professional factors, affecting on the health of workers of the confectionery plant].

In the article there are presented results of the analysis of a state of health of employees of confectionery plant in connection with influence of occupational, social, material and household and health conditioning factor. There have been revealed the risk factors influencing on the state of health and an level of the incidence of workers of the main manufacturing of the factory.

[The sociological survey of health workers morbidity at the multidisciplinary hospital].

Some parameters of the health status of medical workers using a sociological method were studied at a large multidisciplinary hospital of Nizhny Novgorod. The results of self-registration of chronic diseases are indicative of the high level of morbidity in the study group. The differences in the level and structure of chronic pathology as compared with literature data prove the validity of using the sociological method to study the health status of medical workers.

[The sociological survey of health and lifestyle among medical academy students].

In the Nizhegorod Medical Academy a sociological survey was conducted to ascertain the attitude of students to their health and lifestyle. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the majority of future health workers do not seek to follow a healthy lifestyle. The findings were used in the working out of a target complex program "Health of students of the Nizhegorod Medical Academy for 2006-2009" for the future retrospective analysis of activities conducted.

[The morbidity of rural medical personnel and its causes].

The article deals with the results of studying the morbidity of rural medical personnel and its causes from 1996 to 2006. The study revealed the characteristics of morbidity and medical biological and social hygienic factors determining the higher level of morbidity of physicians and paramedical personnel. The study data can be used for the development of actual principles of health promotion for rural population with high medical social risk especially in the area of public health management.

[The implementation of the automated information systems in health management of regional level].

In public health, the problem of professional community staff disbalance is rather critical and the training of medical professional personnel is deficient. The decisive role in the solution of the mentioned problems belongs to the automated information systems and computer-based technologies. In the Nijegorodskaya oblast, the accessible and effective system of training executive personnel reserve is developed and implemented to strategically develop the executive mangers potential and to enhance the effectiveness of functioning of the curative preventive institutions.

[The dynamics of the level and the structure of feto-infantile losses].

The results of the analysis of the dynamics of the level and the structure of the feto-infantile losses in the Nizhni Novgorod oblast from 1995 to 2005 are discussed. The research data revealed that the major losses of all the viable children of the first year of live accounts for the perinatal period. In particular, the increase of the perinatal losses consists the reserve in decreasing the level of the feto-infantile losses. The positive dynamics of the mortality rates during the neonatal period testifies both the effectiveness of the neonate and infant medical services functioning in the case of critical conditions and the expediency of the application of the new perinatal technologies targeted at the treatment, nursing and the rehabilitation of newborns.

[Professional rehabilitation of the disabled in the Nizhegorodski region].

Questioning of one hundred and eighty disabled persons of the able-bodied age denoted high levels of education and economic activity among them. However, the state guarantees of professional rehabilitation of the disabled are not up to the mark. Suggestions are made of how to promote the professional rehabilitation of the disabled of the able-bodied age.

[Life-style of medical personnel dwelling and working in agroindustrial area].

Results of sociological survey of medical personnel of typical agroindustrial area of Novgorod Oblast are presented. Data of self-registration of acute and chronic diseases and self-appraisal of one's health testify higher morbidity and health deterioration during last 3 years. Analysis of demographic characteristics, life-styles and labor conditions revealed complex of major factors impacting individual health and flow-out of professional medical personnel. Both amount of average monthly wage of physicians and paramedics, levels of their family income and welfare and as well degree of their inconsistence with cost of living of able-bodied population are established. Conditions of living and social maintenance, labor and off-labor activity, attitude to one's own health and spread of risk factors were analyzed. Management weaknesses of district and rural patient care institutions were established, including considerable exceeding of hygienic regulations established for medical personnel working load and higher spread of physical, chemical and biological risk factors of working environment harmful for health. Need in further enhancement of management of working process, occupational safety, labor remuneration and in increasing social safety, hygienic and curative activity of medical personnel is justified.

[Significance of modernization of the social rehabilitation system within promotion of the nursing care]. / Modernizatsiia sistemy sotsial'noi reabilitatsii i sovershenstvovanie sestrinskogo dela.

A specially elaborated system-module approach, that contributes to shaping, in medical students, the moral principles for their occupational activity, is suggested. A continuous humanistic-training system embracing the educational and pedagogic processes is elaborated; the system is a principally new type of orientation of medical personnel aimed at the medical-and-psychological adaptation and rehabilitation of elderly population.

[Organization of an educational process and routine for senior lyceum students]. / Sotsial'no-gigienicheskie osobennosti organizatsii uchebnogo protsessa i rezhima dlia starsheklassnikov litseev.

The paper presents the data of a comparative analysis of the specific features of an educational process and the routine for senior pupils of biochemical lyceums and those of secondary educational schools. The organization of an educational process in the senior forms of biochemical lyceums is not optimal and, which is more, health-promoting. Good training for entering a higher educational establishment is a high "physiological price": not getting enough sleep, insufficient being in fresh air, no spare time, and mental and emotional stress. This contingent is certain to require more control of their health status, the conditions and organization of schooling, and active measures aimed at their improvement and optimization.

[Medical-social and socio-psychological aspects of senior students' health]. / Mediko-sotsial'nye i sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie aspekty zdorov'ia starsheklassnikov.

The way the senior pupils of the chemical-and-biological lycees assess their health condition is analyzed in the article; the peculiarities of their psycho-emotional state of health are described. Subjective evaluations of the health conditions provided by the pupils of lycees are low enough. The schoolchildren attribute the main reason of their diseases to an excessive educational load. A majority of senior pupils find themselves in a state of an extreme psycho-emotional tension. It is noteworthy, that the activity of school psychologists does not meet the needs of teenagers and is often unclaimed. Thus, the discussed category of pupils needs an intensified control over the health state, conditions and organization of the educational process and over active measures aimed at improving and optimizing the above-mentioned factors.

[Optimization of geriatric help for urban and rural residents of the Ulianovsk region]. / Optimizatsiia geriatricheskoi pomoshchi gorodskomu i sel'skomu naseleniiu Ul'ianovskoi oblasti.

The problem of ageing of the population presupposes the necessity of essential in medico-social services activity and the creations of some uniform coordinated help system for the slderly within the framwork of public health sevices anf social protection. On the basis of the carried out analysis of demographic, social, economic and medical parameters we have developed the plan of geriatric service in Ulyanovsk area. Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital of War Veterans took the leading part in this work. For the period of 1993-1997 there have been created three regional geriatric centres with branches of day-time departments for 75 places each as structural division of Ukyanovsk regional clinic hospital. In 1999 on the basis of local hospitals in rural areas we opened two interdistrict geriatric centres for 50 and 40 places as divisions of URCHWV. In their structure there are round-the-clock and day-time places, rooms of nurse care, rooms and services for rendering medical, pyschological and social rehabilitation. One-place cost in 2001 has made 210 roubles, that is 1.5-2 times lower, than in city hospitals. As a result of the carried out treatment 88.3% of patients left the hospital with improvement, 9.6% of them--without changes and 1.7%--with deterioration. This form of specialized medical geriatric help to the person living in the countryside, which includes stationary help, stationary-substituted technologies, rooms of a nurse care, social and labour rehabilitation, proves its solvency and expediency in medical and pharma-economic aspects and may be recommended to introduction in practical public health services.

[Risk factors of the primary and secondary female sterility]. / O faktorakh riska pervichnogo i vtorichnogo zhenskogo besplodiia.

The article is dedicated to a study methodology applicable to the development of primary and secondary female sterility. Examinations of 302 married women with sterility, aged 18-44, made it possible to define the medical-and-biological as well as social-and-hygienic factors, which produce a statistically reliable influence on the shaping of primary and secondary sterility. Bayes' method and Wald's analysis were made use of to estimate an integrated influence of different combinations of risk factors related with the reproductive function of the female organism. The use of prognostication tables of risk with regard for the results of medical examinations of female patients makes it possible to detect more accurately those women, who need the check-ups and therapy; it also makes it possible to draw the individual recommendations for medical-and-social consultations.

[Resource provision of public health services in the Volga federal region]. / Resursnoe obespechenie zdravookhraneniia v regionakh Privolzhskogo federal'nogo okruga.

Structural reforms in the public health system makes it necessary to examine the status and trends in the use of resources in both Russia and in some regions. Objects for the study were chosen among the areas most characteristic of the Volga Federal Okrug and socioeconomic and ethnic-confessional diversity of its regions. Reforms in inpatient and outpatient service for the population are analyzed. Both positive results in the optimization of structural reforms in the public health system and some negative trends were found.

[Morbidity and reproductive health of female students of higher school]. / Zabolevaemost' i osobennosti reproduktivnogo zdorov'ia studentok vysshykh uchebnykh zavedenii.

The studies demonstrated a low level of somatic and reproductive health of female students. An increase of morbidity was recorded during recent 3 years, with specific characteristics in each age groups. An unfavorable model of reproductive and sexual behavior is characteristic of students in general. Under present conditions, the authors emphasize the priority trend of family planning service in work with young people, specifically with students as a population representing the economic, working, and reproductive potential of the country.

[Medical and organizational aspects of medical counseling to would-be medical students at institutions of higher learning]. / Mediko-organizatsionnye aspekty vrachebnoi konsul'tatsii abiturientov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii.

Modern higher school requires great physical, intellectual, and psychoemotional efforts from students. Adolescent health is a most important prerequisite for higher education and work in accordance with the specialization acquired at higher school. Therefore, the priority task in students' health preservation today is improvement of the continuity and quality of physicians' activities as regards medical vocational counselling of adolescent children and young people.

[Biomedical and social-hygienic risk factors of disability in rural children]. / Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial'no-gigenicheskie faktory riska invalidnosti u sel'skikh detei.

The importance of the problem of disability of children causes no doubts. The author defines the term "inability" which is recommended for wide use. The data of comprehensive studies of the life style and life conditions of the rural families with disabled children are summed up. The totality of factors affecting a child's health is analyzed. Subjective requirements of children with limited potentialities in medical care are investigated. Probable approaches to decrease of children's disability are discussed.