The Effect of miR-106b-5p Expression in The Production of iPS-Like Cells from Mice SSCs during The Formation of Teratoma and The Three Embryonic Layers.

Objective: According to the mounting data, microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a key role in reprogramming. miR-106b
is considered as an enhancer in reprogramming efficiency. Based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), cell treatments have a huge amount of potential. One of the main concerns about using iPSCs in therapeutic settings is the possibility of tumor formation. It is hypothesized that a procedure that can reprogram cells with less genetic manipulation reduces the possibility of tumorigenicity.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, miR-106b-5p transduced by pLV-miRNA vector into mice isolated spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to achieve iPS-like cells. Then the transduced cells were cultured in specific conditions to study the formation of three germ layers. The tumorigenicity of these iPS-like cells was investigated by transplantation into male BALB/C mice.
Results: We show that SSCs can be successfully reprogrammed into induced iPS-like cells by pLV-miRNA vector to transduce the hsa-mir-106b-5p into SSCs and generating osteogenic, neural and hepatoblast lineage cells in vitro as a result of pluripotency. Although these iPS-like cells are pluripotent, they cannot form palpable tumors in vivo.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that infection of hsa-mir-106b-5p into SSCs can reprogram them into iPSCs
and advanced germ cell lineages without tumorigenicity. Also, a novel approach for studying the generation of iPSCs
and the application of iPS or iPS-like cells in regenerative medicine is presented.

Comparison the Effect of Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate on Sirtuin3 gene Expression in the Oocytes of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Oxidative stress (OS) is a common biological event in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), causing oocytes to undergo OS-induced changes. Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) has a critical role in oocyte maturation through the modulation of OS. In the current study, we compared the effects of metformin and clomiphene citrate on the expression of the Sirt3 gene in oocytes obtained from the mice, induced by PCOS. The induction of PCOS was performed by the single injection of estradiol valerate. The animals were divided into control, PCOS, metformin (500 mg/Kg), and clomiphene (18 mg/kg) groups. At the end of the experiment, the levels of LH and FSH were determined using the ELISA method. The ovarian tissues were evaluated histologically, and the expression of the Sirt3 gene was analyzed by the Real-time PCR. The induction of PCOS led to an increase in the ratio of LH/FSH elevation, the number of follicle atresia, as well as the presence of hydrated cysts. The results showed that both treatment regimens returned the altered parameters to the baseline values. The gene of Sirt3 was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in the PCOS group compared to the control. Also, no significant difference was found in the expression of Sirt3 between clomiphene and PCOS group, whereas, in the metformin group, Sirt3 expression had the higher rate of expression in comparison with the PCOS group (P < 0.05). The administration of metformin and clomiphene showed that metformin is capable of preventing the downregulation of the Sirt3 gene in oocytes, collected from PCOS mice.