RESUMO
Globally, we are seeing a rise in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, etc., due to stressful lifestyle in this competitive world. Most of the non-communicable diseases are associated with lifestyle behavior. Presently, the role of lifestyle medicine is very critical and important in the management of chronic lifestyle-associated disorders. Considering the above facts, we decided to review the literature to gain a deeper insight into the implications of lifestyle medicine in medical practice. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. We observed that lifestyle medicine intervention is a growing and newer discipline and is being employed along with conventional management of non-communicable diseases by medical practitioners today, as they are strongly associated with lifestyle behaviors and practices. Motivation for change in lifestyle is challenging because it depends on the patient's determination and eagerness to adapt and accommodate to the newer lifestyle pattern. The medical practitioners should spend time in coaching patients on lifestyle-related health education. Guidance and coaching by medical practitioners will help patients adapt to practices of maintaining regular physical activity, a balanced diet, good sleep hygiene, and avoid addictions of tobacco and alcohol as part of life. Introducing real and progressive evidence-based behavioral changes to reduce the risks of lifestyle-related acute and chronic diseases in medical practice will reduce the burden of non-communicable disease.
RESUMO
COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. Thromboembolism has been a characteristic manifestation in most of the severely ill COVID-19 patients. Thromboembolism in COVID 19 infection is attributed to injury to the vascular endothelial cell, hypercoagulability and blood stasis. The hypercoagulable state of blood and thrombophilic diseases leads to hypercoagulability. COVID 19 infected patients with pre-existing hypercoagulable disorders have higher risk of developing thrombosis and thromboembolism and such thrombotic episodes may prove to be severely morbid in these patients. As immune-prophylaxis COVID 19 vaccines are being administered to the public. The known side effects of the COVID 19 vaccine are mild to moderate and include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, myalgia, malaise, pain and swelling at injection site and diarrhea. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia has been noted as a rare side effect of COVID 19 vaccine. Such side effect of COVID 19 vaccine in patients of hypercoagulable disorder may prove to be fatal. The health care workers should be cautious and judicious in managing such patients. A detailed lab profile for coagulable state of blood should be carried out in all patients COVID 19 infected patients with pre-existing hypercoagulability diseases. The patients should also be health educated regarding side effects of vaccine especially with those indicating thrombosis and they should be warranted to receive immediate medical care in case of any side effects or complications. Paucity of literature gave us an impetus to review management profile in patients of hypercoagulable disorders.
