Validation of the Persian version of the attitudes toward intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: Attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are the most important factor affecting their social integration and can cause them to experience a sense of achievement or discrimination. The present study aimed to evaluate the latent factor structure and validity of the Persian version of the Attitudes toward Intellectual Disability (ATTID) Short-Form questionnaire. METHODS: The latent factor structure of the Persian version of the ATTID Short-Form was established in a convenient sample of the general population (N = 280) in Iran. The structural validity and temporal reliability, internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis were evaluated. Data analysis was done with SPSS v23 Windows edition and R v4.2.1. RESULTS: The Persian version of the ATTID Short-Form was shown to have a five-factor structure: discomfort, knowledge of capacity, interaction, sensitivity and knowledge of cause. The structure was appropriately fit according to the fit indices (χ2(485) = 530.12), (P-value = 0.077). All the subscales had good temporal reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the Persian version of the Short-Form of ATTID is a brief, valid and reliable measure that can be used in research and clinical practice.

Effectiveness of integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies on depression symptoms reduction in institutionalized older adults: an empirical study.

OBJECTIVE: Reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention which is specifically designed to address issues of particular relevance to older adults, such as depression. The latest approach to the research on therapeutic utility of reminiscence is gaining popularity among researchers and practitioners, and has yielded promising results. Specifying different types of reminiscence is a crucial component of the approach. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effectiveness of integrative and instrumental types of reminiscence for the treatment of depression in institutionalized older adults dwelling in a nursing home. METHOD: The study employed a three-group pre-post-test design with random allocation to instrumental or integrative reminiscence or an active social discussion control condition. Twenty-nine institutionalized older adults (12 men and 17 women) with depressive symptoms varying from mild to severe constituted the sample. The interventions were implemented in a short-form group format. FINDINGS: Analysis of changes from pre-test to post-test revealed that integrative reminiscence therapy led to statistically significant reduction in symptoms of depression in contrast with the control group. Although instrumental reminiscence therapy also reduced depressive symptoms, this improvement was not statistically significant compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: This study provides additional support for the effectiveness of integrative reminiscence therapy as an intervention for depressed older adults living in residential care settings. This study also provides support for the hypothesis that certain types of reminiscence produce their own specific effects.