Significance and Influence of Suturing for Ovarian Tissue Transplantation.

The purpose of this animal study was to verify the effect of suturing on graft function in ovarian tissue transplantation. Ovaries from 2-week-old rats were transplanted orthotopically into the ovaries of 8-week-old female Wistar rats. The various transplantation methods used were insertion into the ovarian bursa without suturing (group A: control), suturing with a single 6-0 Vicryl stitch (group B: 6-0*1), suturing with a single 10-0 Vicryl stitch (group C: 10-0*1), and suturing with three 10-0 Vicryl stitches (group D: 10-0*3). Two weeks after transplantation, the transplanted ovaries were evaluated histologically and for gene expression. Engraftment rates of the donor ovaries 14 days after transplantation were 62.5%, 100%, 91.7%, and 100% in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, significantly lower in group A than in the other groups. In terms of gene expression, TNFα levels were significantly higher in group D, and GDF9 and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) levels were significantly lower in group D than in groups A and B. The number of primordial follicles evaluated by HE staining was significantly lower in groups B, C, and D than in group A. Compared to orthotopic transplantation without sutures, direct suturing to the host improved the engraftment rate, although increasing the number of sutures increased inflammatory marker levels and decreased the number of primordial follicles. We believe that it is important to perform ovarian tissue transplantation using optimal suture diameter for good adhesion, but with a minimum number of sutures to preserve ovarian function.

Prospective analysis of patient-reported outcomes and physician-reported outcomes with gynecologic cancer chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Gynecologic cancer chemotherapy impacts the quality of life (QOL) of patients, with lasting adverse events that may require treatment adjustments or discontinuation. Consequently, real-time symptom monitoring before outpatient visits has resulted in improved QOL for patients and extended survival times. This study investigated whether there are differences between electronic patient-reported outcomes (e-PRO-CTCAE) and physician-assessed outcomes (NCI-CTCAE) evaluated in an outpatient setting in gynecologic cancer chemotherapy. METHODS: The study was conducted on 50 patients who received their first chemotherapy treatment at St. Marianna University Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology from July 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. PRO-CTCAE and NCI-CTCAE were evaluated at each instance of chemotherapy and 2 weeks after. The PRO-CTCAE was additionally collected weekly using e-PRO. RESULTS: The values for "Joint Pain," "Nausea," "Taste Disturbance," "Constipation," "Insomnia," "Fatigue," "Limb Edema," and "Concentration Impairment" were consistently higher in PRO-CTCAE than in NCI-CTCAE, indicating that physicians underestimated the severity of adverse events. In contrast, there was no significant difference in "Peripheral Neuropathy," demonstrating that physicians had a good understanding of this condition in patients. The weekly responses obtained from e-PRO revealed that symptom exacerbations peaked outside of clinic visits. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated physicians tend to underestimate most adverse events. Moreover, the responses using e-PRO revealed peak symptom deterioration occurred outside of outpatient visits. This suggested that e-PRO and actions taken in response to them can improve patients' QOL.

Cryopreservation of paediatric ovarian tissue with an updated version of the Edinburgh criteria for appropriate patient selection.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Are the revised patient selection criteria for fertility preservation of children and adolescents appropriate? DESIGN: A retrospective and prospective observational cohort study implemented at a university hospital approved for fertility preservation by an academic society. The characteristics of children and the process of fertility preservation consultation were investigated. Mortality, the longitudinal course of the endocrine profile and the menstrual cycle were confirmed in patients who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) before the age of 18 years. RESULTS: Of the 74 children and adolescents referred for a fertility preservation consultation, 40 (54.1%) had haematological disease, which included patients with rare diseases. The mean age of patients was 11.1 ± 4.3 years (median 12 years, range 1-17 years). In accordance with the revised criteria, 31 (41.9%) patients had their ovarian tissue cryopreserved. Two out of 31 had complications after surgery (infection and drug allergy) and one patient with leukaemia (3.2%) had minimum residual disease on the extracted ovarian tissue. Of the 14 patients (>12 years) who completed treatment, 12 (85.7%) had primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) more than a year after treatment. Two out of 31 (6.5%) died because of recurrence of their underlying disease (median 28 months, range 0-60 months). Oocyte cryopreservation, as an additional and salvage fertility preservation treatment, was suggested to five patients with biochemical status POI (procedures pending). CONCLUSION: The primary disease and patients' ages varied in fertility preservation for children and adolescents. Our patient selection criteria might be appropriate over a short follow-up period.

Current state of fertility preservation for adolescent and young adult patients with gynecological cancer.

Although the incidence of the various gynecological cancers has been increasing in recent years, long-term survival is now possible for many patients thanks to advances in multimodality treatment. When treating gynecological cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients who desire future pregnancy, it is necessary to preserve the reproductive organs and their function to prevent loss of fertility. However, because treatment targets these organs, in the large majority of cases, patients must have these organs removed. In the subfield of oncofertility, treatment of the underlying disease takes priority, and the main principle is preventing delay in treatment. Close cooperation between obstetricians and gynecologists involved in reproductive medicine and oncologists involved in cancer treatment is necessary. In addition, it is important that clinicians work closely not only with other specialists but also with such medical professionals as nurses and counselors so that cancer patients of the AYA generation can be provided the support they need to fight their cancer with hope. Herein, we describe the current status of fertility-sparing therapy for AYA patients with gynecological cancer (cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, or ovarian cancer). In addition, we explain points to keep in mind during a patient's pregnancy after fertility preservation, the latest findings on assisted reproductive technology, and the challenges and prospects of fertility preservation therapy for patients with gynecologic cancer.

Survey of understanding and awareness of fertility preservation in pediatric patients: Is conversation about fertility preservation unpleasant for pediatric patients?

Objective: To verify understanding and awareness of fertility preservation (FP) in pediatric patients undergoing FP treatments. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after explanation of fertility issues and FP treatments for patients 6-17 years old who visited or were hospitalized for the purpose of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) or oocyte cryopreservation (OC), or sperm cryopreservation between October 2018 and April 2022. This study was approved by the institutional review board at St. Marianna University School of Medicine (No. 4123, UMIN000046125). Result: Participants in the study comprised 36 children (34 girls, 2 boys). Overall mean age was 13.3 ± 3.0 years. The underlying diseases were diverse, with leukemia in 14 patients (38.9%), brain tumor in 4 patients (11.1%). The questionnaire survey before the explanation showed that 19 patients (52.8%) wanted to have children in the future, but 15 (41.7%) were unsure of future wishes to raise children. And most children expressed some degree of understanding of the treatment being planned for the underlying disease (34, 94.4%). Similarly, most children understood that the treatment would affect their fertility (33, 91.7%). When asked if they would like to hear a story about how to become a mother or father after FP which including information of FP, half answered "Don't mind" (18, 50.0%). After being provided with information about FP treatment, all participants answered that they understood the adverse effects on fertility of treatments for the underlying disease. Regarding FP treatment, 32 children (88.9%) expressed understanding for FP and 26 (72.2%) wished to receive FP. "Fear" and "Pain" and "Costs" were frequently cited as concerns about FP. Following explanations, 33 children (91.7%) answered "Happy I heard the story" and no children answered, "Wish I hadn't heard the story". Finally, 28 of the 34 girls (82.4%) underwent OTC and one girl underwent OC. Discussion: The fact that all patients responded positively to the explanations of FP treatment is very informative. This is considered largely attributable to the patients themselves being involved in the decision-making process for FP. Conclusions: Explanations of FP for children appear valid if age-appropriate explanations are provided.

A simple technique of vaginal cuff closure to prevent tumor cell spillage in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial, a prospective randomized phase III clinical trial reported in 2018, unexpectedly showed inferior oncologic outcomes in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for cervical cancer compared with those in open surgery. It was proposed that the spillage of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity might cause the inferiority of LRH. It has been suggested, based on retrospective studies, that transvaginal closure of the vaginal cuff before the colpotomy part of the surgery may prevent this. MATERIALS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Before starting colpotomy, we closed the vaginal cuff transvaginally. After the assessment of the cutline of the vagina, the vaginal mucosa is pulled at the eight sites using the sutures. The four pairs of sutures on the diagonal line are ligated. A purse string suture is additionally placed on the vaginal mucosa to close the vaginal cuff completely. After that, we start the intracorporeal colpotomy using a vaginal pipe. DISCUSSION: Our technique is simple and quick. The blood loss during the transvaginal procedures is minimal. The use of the vaginal pipe helps keep the vaginal cuff closed during the colpotomy. Our technique may be an alternative to the conventional approach closing the vaginal cuff.

Improving Coverage Rate for Urban Link Travel Time Prediction Using Probe Data in the Low Penetration Rate Environment.

Short-term travel time prediction is an important consideration in modern traffic control and management systems. As probe data technology has developed, research interest has moved from highways to urban roads. Most research has only focused on improving the prediction accuracy on urban roads because it is the key index of evaluating a model. However, the low penetration rate of probe vehicles at urban networks may result in the low coverage rate which restricts prediction models from practical applications. This research proposed a non-parametric model based on Bayes' theorem and a resampling process to predict short-term urban link travel time, which can enhance the coverage rate while maintaining the prediction accuracy. The proposed model used data from vehicles in both the target link and its crossing direction, so its coverage rate can be expanded, especially when the data penetration rate is low. In addition, the utilization of relationships between vehicles in both directions can reflect the influence of signal timing. The proposed model was evaluated in a computer simulation to test its robustness and reliability under different data penetration rates. The results implied that the proposed model has a high coverage rate, demonstrating stable and acceptable performance at different penetration rates.

[Report from Minamisoma City: diversity and complexity of psychological distress in local residents after a nuclear power plant accident].

Natural disasters can severely impact local communities. When a disaster is limited in type or scope, the loss and distress felt by individual residents can be sympathetically visualized and shared, and this can help bring the community together. In 2011, however, Japan experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake and accompanying tsunami, and the scale of this disaster was compounded by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. As a result of this complex disaster, residents experienced very different problems, particularly in Fukushima Prefecture. In this paper, we describe the situation in Minamisoma City, which is located to the north of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. After the accident, the city was divided into three zones. The southern part of the city, which is within 20 km of the plant, was designated as a restricted area; the middle section, located between 20 and 30 km of the plant, was initially designated as an evacuation readiness area; and the northern part of the city received no evacuation-related designation. In April 2012, ordinary residents were finally allowed to visit the restricted area, but utilities and municipal services in the area had not yet been restored, and residents were still prohibited from staying overnight even in August 2013. The overall situation was further complicated by the existence of conflicting opinions regarding exposure to low dose ionizing radiation and compensation for subsequent distress. Things became so complex that residents of the same city sometimes struggled to imagine their neighbors' feelings and state of mind. After the disaster, aging of the city accelerated dramatically. The proportion of elders (those aged 65 or older) in the population stood at 25.9% in March 2011, but this had increased to 32.9% by March 2013. Elders tend to have strong emotional ties to their hometowns, while younger generations are more likely to move away and start over. As some young people have left the area or stopped working, the city is suffering from a lack of workers. A number of residents are in a state of being overworked. While children and mothers face more difficulties after the disaster, they are less able to find support in the city. As of the end of March 2013, 406 deaths in Minamisoma were officially attributed to disaster-related distress. The psychological burdens placed on residents of this city are too heavy to be ignored. Robust efforts and interventions are urgently needed in order to improve mental hygiene in the area.

Seasonality of schizophrenia births in the Japanese population: increased winter births possibly confined to the north area.

A number of North American and European studies have observed a higher proportion of winter births in schizophrenia patients. Thus, seasonal fluctuation of unknown environmental factors may affect brain development in ways that alter susceptibility to schizophrenia. Specification of these factors may help elucidate the etiopathological mechanism of the disease, about which little is certain. A small number of studies have investigated this issue in Asian populations, and the findings are not as consistent as those of Western populations. No remarkable excess of winter births has been observed in Japanese or Korean studies, while some studies have reported a significant decrease of summer births. We further investigated the issue in Japanese patients with schizophrenia (n=3927). No significant excess of winter births was observed, but a decrease in the summer births was found in male subjects. This is largely consistent with previous Japanese studies; however, when the subjects were confined to those born in a colder and higher latitude area of Japan (n=1338), a consistent trend for both a winter increase, and a summer decrease, was found. However, the results did not consistently reach statistical significance, possibly due to the lack of statistical power. Environmental factors that correlate with latitude might play a role in the development of the seasonality of births in schizophrenia. Further studies in a larger sample size are required to test these possibilities.

Human leukocyte antigen-A specificities and its relation with season of birth in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Several studies, including one from Japan, have observed an increase of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-A24 and A26 in schizophrenia, although others failed to observe the increase. No use of systematic diagnostic criteria and a not-adequately reliable typing technique might have affected the results in the previous studies. We investigated HLA-A specificities in Japanese patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV), recruited from the same area as in the early Japanese study. A DNA-based technique (polymerase chain reaction-microtiter plate hybridization) was employed. No significant difference was observed in frequencies of any HLA-A specificities between patients and controls, including A24 and A26. No significant association was found between the HLA-A and birth-season in patients. Thus, no evidence was obtained for an association between HLA-A and schizophrenia from the Japanese population.