Discrepancies between Physician and Parent Perceptions of Psychosocial Problems of GHD Children Undergoing GH Therapy in Japan.

This study examined discrepancies between the perceptions of physicians treating short children with GH deficiency (GHD) using GH replacement therapy (GHRT) and the perceptions of the parents of these children and identified the major causes of parental anxiety. Three attending pediatric endocrinologists and the parents of 31 GHD children participated in this study. The physicians and parents completed a specially designed questionnaire to rate the types and degrees of psychosocial problems that GHD children might experience. For 6 of the first 11 questions, the physicians rated psychological problems differently than the parents did, tending to over- or underestimate parental concerns. This discrepancy did not disappear with treatment. However, the difference in the perception of anxiety between the physicians and parents changed for issues regularly discussed between them. Physicians and nurses were ranked as the most reliable providers of information. The parents of children who had previously undergone GHRT were a highly desired source of information. Psychosocial problems remain largely unaddressed by endocrinologists. Endocrinologists treating short stature are encouraged to be more involved in understanding parents' anxieties, evaluation of misperceptions concerning parents' expectations, and addressing these issues in future communication with parents. Support by experienced psychologists may help endocrinologists with this issue.

Relationship between the presence of small, dense low-density lipoprotein and plasma lipid phenotypes in Japanese children.

To clarify the relationship between the expression of atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein (SDLDL) and underlying lipid metabolic abnormalities, the prevalence of SDLDL in relation to the serum lipid phenotype was analyzed in 229 children. The LDL particle size was measured using gradient gel electrophoresis, and a particle size of less than 25.5 nm was considered to represent SDLDL. The overall prevalence of SDLDL in the sample population was 8.2% (19/229; 11/117 for boys and 8/112 for girls). Hyperlipidemia phenotype IIb (elevated concentrations of both triglyceride [TG] and total cholesterol [TC]) was strongly associated with SDLDL in 83% (5/6) of the subjects. An elevated TG concentration (phenotype IV) was associated with SDLDL in 55% (10/18) of the subjects. The association between hyperlipidemia phenotype IIa (elevated TC but a normal TG concentration) and SDLDL was quite low (2%; 1/56), but SDLDL was detected in 5% (8/155) of the subjects who presented with normolipidemia. Therefore, these findings suggest that the expression of SDLDL is largely related to lipid abnormalities characterized by phenotype IIb or IV, the underlying metabolic abnormality of which is suspected to be insulin resistance; however, an additional mechanism for the formation of SDLDL that functions independently of plasma lipid abnormalities also seems to exist.