[A case of esophageal leiomyoma found as mediastinal tumor, diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasonography].

A 20 year-old female was admitted to our department because of an abnormal shadow in chest roentgenogram on a physical check-up. The barium swallowing study revealed an oppression of the middle of the esophagus. Endoscopy, chest CT and MRI failed to distinguish submucosal tumor from mediastinal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed the mass originated from the esophagus and a diagnosis of esophageal smooth muscle tumor was obtained. The tumor was tried to resect by thoracoscopic surgery but was failed because of its shape like a tortoise shell. The tumor was resected through the right thoracotomy and the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically.

Direct recognition of rat MHC antigens on rat antigen-presenting cells by mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and establishment of T cell clones exhibiting a direct recognition pathway.

Alloantigens are recognized by T cells either through a direct pathway, which involves recognition of alloantigens expressed on allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APC), or through an indirect pathway, which involves recognition of processed alloantigens presented by self APC. We investigated whether rat xenoantigens are also recognized by direct (xenogeneic APC-restricted) and/or indirect (self APC-restricted) pathways. C57BL/6 (B6) mouse anti-F344 or WKAH rat mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) were partially inhibited by addition of either anti-mouse CD4 or CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and almost completely blocked in the presence of both mAbs. These xenogeneic MLRs were almost completely inhibited by simultaneous depletion of both self and xeno APCs and only partially suppressed by the elimination of either type of APC, indicating that freshly prepared splenic mouse T cells can recognize rat xenoantigens through both direct and indirect pathways. Anti-F334 T cell lines were generated from B6 anti-F344 MLR cultures, and four CD4+ and four CD8+ T cell clones were isolated from these parental lines. The parental lines and those derived T cell clones were tested for their ability to proliferate depending on the presence of F344 APC. Proliferation of CD8 clones by stimulation with F344 APC was inhibited by the addition of anti-rat class I MHC mAb but not of anti-class II MHC mAbs. Conversely, proliferation of CD4 clones was reduced by addition of anti-class II MHC mAbs. Thus, these results indicate that xeno (rat)-reactive mouse T cells recognize xenoantigens via both indirect (self APC-restricted) and direct (xeno APC-restricted) pathways and that both CD4 and CD8 subsets of T cells participate in a direct pathway of xenoantigen recognition.