Layered Double Hydroxide-Based PdCux@LDH Alloy Nanozyme for a Singlet Oxygen-Boosted Sonodynamic Therapy.

Redox nanozymes have demonstrated tremendous promise in disrupting cellular homeostasis toward cancer therapy, but a dysfunctional competition of diverse activities makes it normally restricted by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). As palladium nanocrystals can achieve the precise regulation of the enzyme-like activity by regulating exposed crystal planes, noble metal nanoalloys can enhance the enzyme-like activity by promoting electron transfer and enhanced active sites. Herein, bimetallic nanoalloys with optimized enzymatic activity were intelligently designed via the interaction between the Pd and layered double hydroxide, denoted as PdCux@LDH. This PdCux@LDH is able to produce long-lived singlet oxygen (1O2) with high efficiency and selectivity for ultrasound-improved cancer therapy. In addition, this PdCux@LDH nanozyme demonstrated unique surface-dependent multienzyme-mimicking activities for catalyzing cascade reactions: oxidase (OXD)- and catalase (CAT)-mimicking activities. Interestingly, ultrasound (US) stimulation can further improve the dual-enzyme-mimicking activities and impart superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation activity, thereby further consuming nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in a highly efficient alloy nanozyme-mediated cancer therapy. This work opens a new research avenue to apply nanozymes for effective sonodynamic therapies (SDT).

Circulating secretory type IIA phospholipase A2, lipoprotein (a) and soluble cellular adhesion molecule levels in patients with angina pectoris.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the plasma levels of secretory type IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA(2)-IIA), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble platelet endothelial CAM-1 (sPECAM-1), as well as ICAM-1 (K469E) and PECAM-1 (Leu125Val) gene polymorphisms, in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable AP (SAP). DESIGN AND METHODS: We enrolled 75 patients with SAP, 72 with UAP and 80 controls without angina. Blood samples were obtained before angiography. RESULTS: The concentrations of sPLA(2)-IIA, sICAM-1 and sPECAM-1 were higher for UAP patients than for SAP patients and controls, and the level of Lp(a) was higher for UAP patients than for controls. Lp(a) and sPLA(2)-IIA levels were significantly correlated, and high plasma Lp(a) level (> or =300 mg/L) was an independent risk factor for angina. CONCLUSION: Lp(a) may play an important role in the development of angina. Further research should investigate the role of sPLA(2)-IIA, sICAM-1 and sPECAM-1 in UAP.

[Analysis of prognostic patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and clinical characteristics of those with renal dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features of non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients with renal dysfunction and investigate correlation factor for in-hospital death and 6 months adverse events of NSTEMI patients. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients presenting with NSTEMI were enrolled between January 2006 and September 2007. Estimation of glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR) was conducted by the modified abbreviated MDRD equations based on the Chinese CKD patients. Renal dysfunction was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/(min.1.73 m2) and/or as having the other evidence of chronic kidney damage over 3 months or more. All the clinical data were collected. Correlation factors of in-hospital death and 6-month adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: 29.3 percentage of patients presented with renal dysfunction (34/116), patients with renal dysfunction were older, more likely to have history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and angina compared with those with normal renal function, and more likely to be with heart function killip grades III-IV, higher level of the plasma fibrinogen on admission, lower left ventricular ejection. Patients with renal dysfunction experienced less angiography, more coronary artery calcification, and less percutaneous coronary interventional treatment. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that killip grades III-IV on admission (OR = 13.12, P = 0.000) were independently correlated with the in hospital death, killip grades III-IV on admission (OR = 6.265, P = 0.002) and renal dysfunction (OR = 3.545, P = 0.007) might be independent risk factors of 6-month adverse events in patients with NSTEMI. CONCLUSION: Patients with renal dysfunction were older, more likely to have history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and angina, and more likely to be with heart function killip grades III-IV, more coronary artery calcification; killip grades III-IV on admission were independently correlated with the in-hospital death; killip grades III-IV on admission and renal dysfunction might be independent risk factors of 6-month adverse events in patients with NSTEMI.