[Effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in children].

Objective: To observe the intraoperative influences on pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in children inhaling sevoflurane and desflurane for 40 min balance. Methods: Ninety children (ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia in Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from July 2015 to May 2016 were randomly assigned into six groups (n=15): Sevoflurane group (group S1 and S2), Desflurane group (group D1 and D2) and Propofol group (group P1 and P2). Children in group D1, S1 and P1 were allocated to research the dose-effect relationship of rocuronium, children in group D2, S2 and P2 were allocated to research the time-effect relationship of rocuronium. TOF-Watch SX monitor was used to exert a train-of-four stimulation (TOF) at ulnar nerve in wrist, then the adductor pollicis muscle appeared muscle twitch 4 times in turn which was recorded T(1, )T(2, )T(3) and T(4) respectively. After the success of the muscle relaxant calibration, 1.3 MAC sevoflurane and desflurane were inhaled and maintained for 40 min respectively in children in Sevoflurane group (group S1 and S2) and Desflurane group (group D1 and D2), Plasma target controlled infusion of 3.5-4.0 µg/ml propofol was always administered in Propofol group (group P1 and P2). 75 µg/kg rocuronium was injected each time in group S1, D1 and P1 respectively. Maximum inhibited effect of T(1) was recorded after every injection until inhibition of T(1) more than 95% eventually. The method of cumulative dose four times was used to calculate the efficiency curve of rocuronium[median effective dose (ED(50)), 90% effective dose (ED(90)) and 95% effective dose (ED(95))]. 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium was injected respectively through vein in group S2, D2 and P2. The recovery times of muscle relaxant were recorded which including time of T(1) disappeared (onset time), T(1) from 0% to 5% (peak effect time), T(1) from 0% to 25% (clinical effect time), T(1) from 25% to 75% (recovery index), T(1) from 0% to 70% (internal effect time), T(4)/T(1) (TOFr) from 0% to 70% and 90%. Results: ED(50, )ED(90) and ED(95) in group D1 were 128.73, 212.45 and 245.78 µg/kg respectively. ED(50, )ED(90) and ED(95) in group S1 were 132.46, 218.94 and 252.30 µg/kg respectively. ED(50, )ED(90) and ED(95) in group P1 were 230.56, 381.02 and 439.55 µg/kg respectively. ED(50, )ED(90) and ED(95) in group D1 and S1 were significantly lower than those in group P1 (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between D1 and S1 group (P>0.05). Compared with group P2, the shorter onset time, the longer peak effect time and clinical effect time was observed in group D2 and S2, the longer recovery index, internal effect time and TOFr from 0% to 70% and 90% was observed in group S2 (all P<0.01). Conclusions: 1.3 MAC sevoflurane and desflurane inhaling for 40 min significantly reduces ED(50) and ED(95) of rocuronium, prolongs the onset time and action time of rocuronium in children. Sevoflurane can significantly prolong the recovery characteristics of rocuronium.

The electrophysiological study of differential diagnosis between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Sternocleidomastoid muscle EMG (SCM-EMG) and dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential (DSSEP) were evaluated as diagnostic aids in differentiation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in this study. 104 inpatients were divided into three groups: those diagnosed clinically as either (A) ALS (36 cases), or (B) CSM (32 cases) and (C) those needed further investigation (36 cases). EMG of limb muscles and sternocleidomastoid of both sides in all, and of tongue muscles in 58/104 of three groups; DSSEP in 56/104 of all three groups; MRI/CTM in 12/36 of group A and all patients of group B and C. SCM-EMG abnormal in 34/36 of group A but normal in all 32 of group B. SCM-EMG also abnormal in 32/36 of group C and 8 of them showed postoperative aggravation. DSSEP normal in 12/12 of group A while abnormal in 19/20 of group B. DSSEP abnormal only in 6/24 of group C. MRI/CTM showed spinal compression in all cases presenting abnormal DSSEP and close correspondence between upper margins of pathological involvement as revealed using these two methods. Both SCM-EMG and DSSEP have proved to be valuable differential aids between ALS and CSM.

[Determination of neuropeptide Y concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and its significance].

Concentration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebrovascular diseases was measured by using radioimmunoassay. The results showed that NPY concentration in CSF in patients with hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases (HCVD) was 4148 +/- 397.2 pg/ml, being significantly higher than the control level of 1083.7 +/- 245.8 pg/ml. While the NPY concentration in CSF of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) was 2214 +/- 289.2 pg/ml, being not significantly different from the level in the control group. The effect of NPY in vasospasm after HCVD was preliminarily discussed.

The effect of acupuncture on somatosensory evoked potentials.

After manual acupuncture in the Neiguan point no significant difference was detected on early component N9, N13, N20, as well as, the negative potential after N20 from 22 subjects with normal SEP. However in one patient with abnormal SEP the latencies were sometimes improved after acupuncture when the acupuncture simultaneously decreased the pain.