Storytelling festival participation and tourists' revisit intention.

Storytelling is getting increasing attention as one of the effective strategies for revitalizing the local festivals and even regional economies. Yet, the mechanisms through how storytelling helps the success of local festivals are still relatively less known. Using the data from 322 individuals who participated in local festivals using storytelling, our results showed that local festival storytelling is positively related to tourists' revisit intention. Furthermore, the positive relationship between local festival storytelling and tourists' revisit intention was serially mediated by authenticity and positive emotion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Surface energy heterogeneity and heterogeneous adsorption of benzene on double-walled carbon nanotubes.

We examined the adsorption properties of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) synthesized by using a catalytic chemical decomposition vapor method. To analyze the structural and energetical surface characteristics of the DWCNTs, nitrogen and benzene adsorption isotherms were measured. The Toth isotherm equation was used to correlate the adsorption data and evaluate the thermodynamic properties such as Henry's constant and the adsorption second virial coefficient. The existence of heterogeneous surface in DWCNTs was confirmed by the analysis of pore size distribution, the isosteric heat of adsorption, and the adsorption energy distribution determined for nitrogen and benzene.

[Family functioning and quality of life of the family care-giver in cancer patients].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among quality of life, family coherence, family hardiness, and family resources of the family care-giver caring for a cancer patient. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 137 families with a cancer patient at a General Hospital and Government Cancer Hospital. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The score of quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with the score of the level of family sense of coherence, family hardiness, and family resources. The most powerful predictor of quality of life was sense of coherence and the variance was 30%. A combination of sense of coherence and family resources account for 34 % of the variance in quality of life of the family care-giver caring for a cancer patient. CONCLUSION: The results showed that family sense of coherence, hardiness, and family resources were significant influencing factors on the quality of life of the family care-giver caring for a cancer patient.

Characterization of molecular linkages placed between zeolite microcrystal monolayers and a substrate with X-ray reflectivity.

We prepared silicalite-1 microcrystal (MC) monolayers on a Si wafer using two different types of molecular linkages, namely, through chloropropyl (CP) groups and through CP/polyethylene imine/CP groups. Whereas the scanning electron microscope images of the two MC monolayers look very much alike but hardly give any information on the nature of molecular linkage between the monolayers and the substrate, their reflectivity curves are distinctively different, despite the fact that the thicknesses of the molecular linkage layers ( approximately 10-20 A) are negligibly small compared to the thicknesses of MC monolayers, ( approximately 3200 A). On the basis of the atomic force microscopic images of the MC surfaces, a rough surface layer with the thickness of approximately 160 A was introduced onto the surface of each MC to conduct a meaningful simulation of the curves with the recursive Parratt formalism. The obtained thickness, roughness, and density of each layer were reasonable, indicating that X-ray reflectivity is a very useful tool for the characterization of very thin layers of molecular linkages existing between much thicker MC monolayers and the substrate.

Heterogeneous adsorption of activated carbon nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile solution.

This study focuses on the adsorption properties of activated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) fabricated by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile solutions dissolved in dimethylformamide, followed by heat treatment at high activation temperatures (700, 750, 800 degrees C). The samples were characterized by BET, SEM, and XRD. In addition, the adsorption energy distribution functions of CNFs were analyzed by using the generalized nonlinear regularization method. Comparative analysis of energy distribution functions provided significant information on the energetic and structural heterogeneities of CNFs. Furthermore, an investigation of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) revealed that the adsorption capacity and kinetics of MB are much higher and faster than that of CR on a given sample. Our experimental and theoretical results suggest that the CNFs used in this work may be widely used as an adsorbent.

Heterogeneity analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from the adsorption equilibria of nitrogen and benzene.

Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and gravimetric methods were employed to examine the structural and adsorption properties of selected adsorbent. The equilibrium data of benzene were also obtained at three different temperatures (303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K) with pressures up to 7 kPa. The results of nitrogen and benzene sorption isotherm revealed that SWCNTs exhibit type II with the features of type I. The Toth and UNILAN models were found to provide a reasonable correlation between the adsorption isotherm data. In addition, the adsorption second virial coefficient and the isosteric heat of adsorption were determined by using these isotherm models. The isosteric heat of adsorption and adsorption energy distribution indicated that SWCNTs have energetically and structurally heterogeneous surfaces.

[Structural equation model for the health behaviors of university students in Korea].

PURPOSE: A structural equation model was analysed to explore the determinants of health behaviors of university students in Korea. METHOD: Nine hundred sixty nine university students were selected by random cluster sampling from five universities located in the central area of Korea. DATA COLLECTION: The data was collected by questionnaires about demographic characteristics, stressful life events, perceived social support, perceived health status and health behaviors. RESULTS: 1. Gender showed indirect effect on health behaviors. 2. Living together with(out) family had a direct effect on health behaviors: students living with family showed more positive health behaviors. 3. Stressful life events had an indirect effect on health behaviors via perceived health status; a higher score of stressful life events was the predictor for negative health behaviors. 4. A higher score of perceived health status predicted positive health behaviors. RECOMMENDATION: Each university should be encouraged to develop a health behavior control program and health promotion program for their own university students. It would be more effective to develop health programs separately according to the demographic or social characteristics of the students. It is also necessary for the Ministry of Education to reform the School Health Act and school health policy to strengthen a health promotion program for university students. In conclusion, following studies should identify and promote the validity and reliability of perceived health status and health behaviors measurements.

[Influencing factors on file-up stress of family caregivers with a family member having a chronic mental illness].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing file-up family stress in the family with a family member having a chronic mental illness. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 365 families with a member having a chronic mental illness, in an outpatient clinic of a General Hospital and Government Psychiatric Hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The score of file-up stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of level of hardiness (r=-.31, p=.00), family support (r=-.13, p=.00), family cohesion (r=-.25, p=.00), and sense of coherence (r=-.26, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of file-up stress was family hardiness and the variance was 11.1%. A combination of hardiness, family support, and sense of coherence account for 14.8 % of the variance in file-up stress of the family with a member having a chronic mental illness. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that family support, hardiness, cohesion, and sense of coherence are significant influencing factors on file-up stress in the family with a member having a chronic mental illness.

[Prediction on the negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents].

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 199 female adolescents ina female high school in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis. RESULT: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 7 paths and adding free parameters to it. The modified model with the paths showed a good fit to the empirical data(chi2=5.62, p=.69, GFI=.99, AGFI=.97, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.01, RMSR=.02, RMSEA=.00). Trait anger, state anger, and psychosocial problems were found to have a significant direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms. State anger, psychosocial problems, and learning behaviors were found to have direct effects on depression of female adolescents. CONCLUSION: The derived model is considered appropriate for explaining and predicting negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and is a suggested direction in nursing practice.

[Anger, problem behaviors, and health status in adolescent women].

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types of adolescent women and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and health status. METHOD: One hundred ninety nine high school freshmen were recruited from September to November, 2003. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, chi(2)-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison test. RESULT: Three anger-expression types in adolescent women were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control/in, and Anger- control type. Adolescent women with frequently using the anger-out/in type and with higher state anger reported more delinquent behaviors, more health risk behaviors, and higher psychosomatic symptoms. However, adolescent women with lower state anger and frequently using the anger-control type reported more depression scores. CONCLUSION: There is a need to further clarify the relationship between anger-expression types and depression in adolescent women. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-out in.