Vitamin D Status Is Negatively Related to Insulin Resistance and Bone Turnover in Chinese Non-Osteoporosis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cross-Section Research.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D status is closely related to blood glucose and bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Vitamin D affects bone density and bone metabolism, leading to osteopenia and osteoporosis. Insulin resistance increases the risk of osteoporosis in patients with T2DM. Our previous studies have shown a negative correlation between insulin resistance and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between vitamin D status and insulin resistance and bone metabolism in patients with T2DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-section research was carried out among 109 non-osteoporosis patients with T2DM. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG), 25(OH)D, fasting blood insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), body mass index (BMI), glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), homeostatic model estimates of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and calcium-phosphorus product were measured routinely. RESULTS: Both in men and women, 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with BALP (ß = -0. 369, p ≤ 0.001)and HOMA-IR (ß = -0.349, p ≤ 0.001), and positively associated with IGF-1(ß = 0.672, p ≤ 0.05). There was a negative correlation between HOMA-IR and IGF-1 (ß = -0.464, p ≤ 0.001), and a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and BALP (ß = 0.344, p ≤ 0.05), adjusted by confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that 25(OH)D concentrations are negatively correlated with insulin resistance and bone turnover. Insulin resistance increases with the decrease of 25(OH)D concentration, which can enhance bone turnover, and increases the risk of osteoporosis in non-osteoporosis patients with T2DM. This is the first study to clarify the relationship between serum vitamin D status, insulin resistance, and bone metabolism in non-osteoporosis patients with T2DM in China.

Environmental exposure to cooking oil fumes and fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effect of cooking oil fumes exposure on fatty liver disease (FLD) is limited. Our study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to the fumes of cooking oil and the risk of FLD. METHODS: A total of 55,959 participants aged 40-75 years old participated in a community-based survey in Ningbo, China. Information on exposure to cooking oil fumes and FLD were collected by face-to-face interviews. Stratified analysis was performed, and participants were divided into 2 groups according to gender. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between exposure to cooking oil fumes and the risk of FDL. Furthermore, ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between cooking oil fume exposure and the severity of FLD. RESULTS: The prevalence of FLD was 8.79% in the no oil fume exposure group, 10.52% in the light oil fume exposure group, 23.47% in the moderate oil fume exposure group, and 41.45% in the heavy oil fume exposure group. After adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the light, moderate, and heavy cooking oil fume exposure groups all had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) as compared with participants in the no oil fume exposure group. In addition, an interaction effect between cooking oil fume exposure and gender on the prevalence and severity of FLD was observed. Females with heavy oil fume exposure had the highest ORs of FLD and extent of disease severity. In the stratified analysis, compared to participants in the fumeless group, males and females in the light, moderate, and heavy cooking oil fume exposure groups all had significantly higher risks of FLD and more severe extent of disease, while participants with heavier cooking oil fume exposure tended to have higher risk of FLD and more severe extent of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to the fumes of cooking oil is associated with the incidence and severity of FLD in 40-75 year old Chinese people. The associations might be dose-responsive. In addition, heavy exposure to oil fumes and the female gender might have a synergistic effect on the incidence and severity of FLD.

Clinical features of COVID-19 convalescent patients with re-positive nucleic acid detection.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has rapidly spread worldwide. Increasingly, confirmed patients being discharged according to the current diagnosis and treatment protocols, follow-up of convalescent patients is important to knowing about the outcome. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed among 98 convalescent patients with COVID-19 in a single medical center. The clinical features of patients during their hospitalization and 2-week postdischarge quarantine were collected. RESULTS: Among the 98 COVID-19 convalescent patients, 17 (17.3%) were detected positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid during 2-week postdischarge quarantine. The median time from discharge to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid re-positive was 4 days (IQR, 3-8.5).The median time from symptoms onset to final respiratory SARS-CoV-2 detection of negative result was significantly longer in re-positive group (34 days [IQR, 29.5-42.5]) than in non-re-positive group (19 days [IQR, 16-26]). On the other hand, the levels of CD3-CD56 + NK cells during hospitalization and 2-week postdischarge were higher in re-positive group than in non-re-positive group (repeated measures ANOVA, P = .018). However, only one case in re-positive group showed exudative lesion recurrence in pulmonary computed tomography (CT) with recurred symptoms. CONCLUSION: It is still possible for convalescent patients to show positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection, but most of the re-positive patients showed no deterioration in pulmonary CT findings. Continuous quarantine and close follow-up for convalescent patients are necessary to prevent possible relapse and spread of the disease to some extent.