[Cognition, attitude and abuse tendency for new type drugs and influencing factors in middle school students in Hainan Province].

Objective: To investigate the cognition, attitude, abuse tendency for new type drugs and influencing factors in middle school students in Hainan Province, and evaluate the effect of health education about drug use prevention in teenagers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design and stratified cluster random sampling method were used to select 36 middle schools in Hainan to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey in students of all grades. The estimated sample size was 1 680.The information collected by the questionnaire included students' basic information, attitude to new drugs, abuse tendency and acceptance of prevention education. EpiData 3.1 software was used for data entry and sorting, and SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 45 919 students were surveyed, averagely, they knew 2.87 kinds of new type drugs. The students' cognition of traditional drugs was higher than that of new type drugs. Friends or close friends using new type drugs, the low cognition level of new drug types were the risk factor for new type drug abuse. The acceptance rate of health education against drug use was 90.33% (41 480/45 919), and averagely, the students participated in 3.36 kinds of health education activities against drug abuse. The main channel for the students to acquire anti-drug knowledge was anti-drug lectures (80.00%, 33 186/41 480). Conclusions: Middle school students have low cognition level of new type drugs in Hainan. Health education can effectively curb the tendency of substance abuse in Hainan Province. It is necessary to further improve the health education activities in aspects of stage, form and timeliness to help more students to recognize the harm of drugs.

In vivo quantification of metastatic tumor cell adhesion in the pulmonary microvasculature.

In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence video microscopy used to be a well-established method in life science with a variety of applications, such as in inflammation or cancer research. In this book chapter, we describe a model of in vivo fluorescence microscopy of the rat's lung with the exclusive advantage of qualitative and quantitative in vivo analysis of cell adhesion within the complex microenvironment of the ventilated and perfused lung. Observation can include real-time, time-lapse, or fast-motion analysis. In our laboratory, we have used the model for qualitative and quantitative real-time analyses of metastatic colon cancer cell adhesion within the rat's pulmonary microcirculation. Using some modifications in another series, we have also applied the model to analyze thrombocyte and leucocyte adhesion within the pulmonary capillaries in experimental sepsis. For interventional studies, injected cells or animals may be pretreated with various reagents or drugs for further analysis of adhesion molecules involved in tumor cell-endothelial cell interactions.

Progression to overt proteinuria in microalbuminuric Koreans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Long-term data concerning the progression of microalbuminuria are not available in Koreans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To elucidate potential risk factors of the development of overt proteinuria in microalbuminuric Koreans with NIDDM, we studied retrospectively 46 patients with NIDDM. Between 1989 and 1990, they were found to have persistent microalbuminuria, and then were followed up regularly. Urinary albumin excretion rates (UAEs) were measured on a 24-h urine sample. Microalbuminuria was defined as UAE between 20 and 200 microg/min, and overt proteinuria as UAE > 200 microg/min on two consecutive occasions. After a mean of 4.5 years (range 3-6), 23 patients progressed to overt proteinuria (progressors), and others remained microalbuminuric (nonprogressors). Duration of diabetes was significantly longer in progressors than in nonprogressors. Mean fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels during the follow-up were significantly higher in progressors compared with nonprogressors (11.5+/-3.6 vs. 8.7+/-2.5 mmol/l, P=0.006, and 8.9+/-1.5 vs. 7.5+/-1.4%, P=0.005, respectively). In addition, frequencies of overt proteinuria were significantly higher in patients with their mean HbA1c > 8% during follow-up than in patients with their mean HbA1c < or=80% during follow-up (65.2 vs. 30.4%, P=0.015). Mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure during follow-up tended to be higher in progressors compared with nonprogressors. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that mean HbA1c levels and mean systolic blood pressure during the follow-up were the most significant predictors for the incidence of overt proteinuria at 4.5-year follow-up, when adjusted for various factors (P=0.023, P=0.038, respectively). We conclude that poor glycemic control, along with elevated systolic blood pressure, were powerful predictors for the development of overt proteinuria in microalbuminuric Koreans with NIDDM.