Proteomic Biomarkers for Bisphenol A-Early Exposure and Women's Thyroid Cancer.

PURPOSE: For the target treatment and prevention of women's increased thyroid cancer, we focused on risks of environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), and its high susceptible exposure-timing, particularly early exposure in lives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female ICR mice were exposed to BPA in utero and in early life (15, 75, and 300 mg/L of drinking water via pregnant mice and lactation). We identified BPA-responsive proteins in mice thyroid by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analyses, and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We further analyzed expression of the BPA-responsive proteins in women thyroid cancer patients (n=28). RESULTS: We found the altered 17 proteins in BPA dose-dependent manner among the thyroid tissues of offspring mice and identified nine proteins of them, including Anxa6, Atp5b, Hspa5, and Vcp, etc. In addition, we observed the positive association between blood BPA levels and mRNA expression of the ANXA6 and VCP not in normal but thyroid cancer tissues. CONCLUSION: Our study provides ANXA6 and VCP as proteomic biomarkers for BPA-early life exposure and their potential for women's thyroid cancer.

Inhibition by wheat sprout (Triticum aestivum) juice of bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in young women.

For health of future generation, fertile young women should be monitored for exposure of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Among EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA) is suggested to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which play an important role in pathologies of female diseases such as endometriosis. On the other hand, previous studies suggested that sprouts of wheat (Triticum aestivum) have antimutagenicity and antioxidant activity. We performed the 2 weeks intervention of wheat sprout juice (100ml/day) to investigate its effects on BPA-exposure and -oxidative toxicity in young women (N=14, age=24.4±4.0). Geometrical mean of urinary BPA levels was 1.81 (GSTD, 4.34)µg/g creatinine. We observed that irregular meals significantly increased levels of urinary BPA approximate 3 times (p=0.03). In addition, we found BPA-induced oxidative stress is correlated with levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=0.18 or 0.03, respectively). We also observed a continuous reduction of urinary BPA during the wheat sprout intervention (p=0.02). In summary, our data suggested potential detoxification of wheat sprouts on BPA-toxicity via antioxidative and interference of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME)-mediated mechanisms in young women.

Evaluation of enteral formulas for nutrition, health, and quality of life among stroke patients.

Enteral nutritional support has been used via tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients. We performed long and short term trials to evaluate the effects of commercial enteral nutritional supports on nutrition and health in stroke patients (mRS = 3~5) and quality of life in their caregivers. For a long term study, we recruited chronic (≥ 1 yrs) stroke patients (n = 6) and administered them 6 cans/day (1,200 kcal) of the commercial enteral formula N for 6 months according to IRB-approved protocol. We collected peripheral blood at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. For a short term study, we recruited acute (≤ 3 months) stroke patients (n = 12) and randomly administered them two different commercial enteral formulas, N or J, for 2 weeks. We collected their blood at 0, 4, 7 and 14 day of the administration. Blood samples were analyzed to quantify 19 health and nutritional biomarkers and an oxidative stress biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA). In order to evaluate quality of life, we also obtained the sense of competence questionnaire (SCQ) from all caregivers at 'before' and 'after trials'. As results, the enteral formula, N, improved hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the long term trial and maintained most of biomarkers within normal ranges. The SCQ levels of caregivers were improved in the long term treatment (P < 0.05). In a case of the short term study, both of enteral formulas were helpful to maintain nutritional status of the patients. In addition, MDA levels were decreased in the acute patients following formula consumption (0.05 < P < 0.1). Most of health and nutrition outcomes were not different, even though there is a big difference in price of the two products. Thus, we evaluate the formula N has equal nutritional efficacy compared to the formula J. In addition, long term use of enteral formula N can be useful to health and nutrition of stroke patients, and the quality of life for their caregivers.