Comparison of the temperature changes in pulp using monophasic light-emitting diode curing unit at different exposure times: An in vivo study.

INTRODUCTION: This in vivo study evaluated the temperature changes in the pulp chamber at different exposure times using a monophasic light-emitting diode curing unit. METHODS: Forty-five patients (aged 13-25 years) requiring extraction of maxillary first premolars for orthodontic reasons were included in the study. After access opening, the temperature rise was recorded when exposed to monophasic light-emitting diode curing light (Elipar 3M ESPE; Pymble, New South Wales, Australia) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds with K-type thermocouple probe. Teeth were atraumatically extracted on the same day. The results were analyzed with an analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of 2.1°C ± 0.5°C of pulpal temperature in the maxillary first premolar tooth during exposure to a light curing unit from baseline to 20 seconds. The mean baseline temperature was 35.7°C ± 0.52°C. The highest mean temperature was recorded at 20 seconds (37.8°C ± 0.57°C), and the lowest mean temperature was recorded at 5 seconds (36.1°C ± 0.61°C). There were significant differences among each group (P <0.001) with a mean increase in pulpal temperature from baseline to exposure mode of 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reveal a statistically significant increase in pulpal temperature with a monophasic curing light, which can be used for up to 20 seconds without causing any detrimental effects on the pulp.

Effects of different storage temperatures on the properties of nonlatex orthodontic modules.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of variation in storage temperatures and duration on a tensile load at failure of elastomeric modules. Methods: In total, 140 modules were used in the study, 20 of which were tested on day 0 as received from a company using a Universal testing machine for baseline estimation of tensile load at failure. The rest 120 modules were divided into 6 groups. Groups I, II, and III modules were stored at low (T1 = 1-5°C), moderate (T2 = 20-25°C) and high (T3 = 35-40°C) temperatures, respectively, for 6 months. Groups IV, V and VI modules were stored at temperatures T1, T2 and T3 for 1 year, respectively, and were tested for tensile load at failure. Results: The tensile load at failure for the control group was 21.588 ± 1.082 N and for 6-month interval at temperatures T1, T2 and T3 was 18.818 N ± 1.121 N, 17.841 N ± 1.334 N and 17.149 N ± 1.074 N, respectively, and for 1 year, it was 17.205 N ± 1.043 N, 16.836 N ± 0.487 N and 14.788 N ± 0.781 N, respectively. The tensile load at failure decreased significantly from 6 months to 1 year among each temperature group. Conclusions: Maximum force degradation was seen in modules at high temperature followed by medium temperature and low temperature at both 6 months and 1 year intervals, and tensile load at failure decreased significantly from 6 months to 1 year storage duration. These results conclude that the temperature and duration at which the samples were exposed during storage produce a significant change in the forces exerted by the modules.

Comparing bite force in untreated and orthodontically treated non- extraction cases with MBT appliance and self ligation technique using T-scan.

AIM: Aim of this cross sectional study was to compare the bite force and the individual tooth load among three groups of patients: cases finished with the Self ligation appliance (Damon-Q®, 0.022"X0.028" prescription) cases finished with the MBT (McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi) appliance system (0.022"X0.028"prescription) and orthodontically untreated cases using T-Scan® 9.0 version. MATERIAL & METHODS: A sample size of sixty non-extraction cases were divided equally into three groups - Group 1: patients treated with Self-ligation appliance (Damon Q®), Group 2: cases treated with the MBT prescription and Group 3: untreated subjects with Class I canine and molar relationship who were used as the control group. The bite force and distribution of force was measured on the right and left side as well as individual tooth loads were measured using the T-Scan® 9.0 device and inter-and intra-group comparisons made using Paired t-Test, ANOVA and Chi-square test. RESULT: The bite forces were balanced on both the sides in cases treated with Self-ligation and MBT appliance. The Self-ligation finishes were marginally better than the MBT group but the difference was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Orthodontically treated individuals had a better (or more even) bite force distribution compared to untreated participants.

A clinical comparative study using anchorage from mini-implants and conventional anchorage methods to retract anterior teeth.

BACKGROUND: Proclined teeth has been one of the main reasons for compromised esthetics. In a patient with proclined anteriors, retraction is done after 1st premolar extraction. Absolute/maximum anchorage is required to achieve the best esthetics. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study with the aim of retracting the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and to check for efficient retraction, type of tooth movement during retraction, and amount of anchorage loss. METHODS: Patients with proclined anterior teeth where therapeutic extraction of first premolars is required were included in the study, where anchorage was taken with mini-implants in one group, and in the second group, conventional anchorage method of 1st and 2nd molar banding with TPA was chosen. Each group consisted of 8 subjects. Lateral cephalogram was taken both preretraction and 4 months after starting retraction to compare anchor loss, rate of retraction, and type of tooth movement of retracted anteriors, in both groups. RESULTS: The retraction in the implant group was more than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anchorage loss was seen to be greater in conventional group than in the implant group and was also significant statistically. The type of tooth movement of the anterior teeth on retraction was also compared, with the implant group showing predominantly controlled tipping and the conventional group showing uncontrolled tipping movement.

Comparative evaluation of T-Loop with different amount of pre-activation curvatures in lingual orthodontics- A finite element study.

INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional analysis of the moment, force and M/F ratio generated at the anterior and posterior region of the T-loop in five different groups of pre-activation curvatures using the finite element method. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, the geometric model of maxilla was constructed using a CBCT scan. The bracket system simulated was of the STb lingual bracket system from Ormco (0.18slot) with specified tip and torque values of all maxillary teeth and the arch wire used was 0.016″x 0.016″ TMA (Ormco) for fabrication of T-loop with dimensions of 6 â€‹× â€‹2 â€‹× â€‹7 â€‹mm. There were five different models generated with pre-activation of: 20°,30°,40°,50° and 60° in T-loop. The software used for the post-processing of the model was ANSYS Workbench 19.2. RESULT: When the amount of pre-activation of T-loop increased there was an increase in the moment, force and M/F ratio in all the five groups in lingual biomechanics. CONCLUSION: Although, the M/F ratio depicts the type of movement that will take place is uncontrolled tipping in all the five pre-activation groups, clinically we should give pre-activation ranging from 30° to 60° in T-loop in lingual orthodontics.

Evaluation of temperature rise in the pulp during various IPR techniques-an in vivo study.

BACKGROUND: Non-extraction treatment protocol has gained a lot of popularity over extraction for orthodontic treatment. Interproximal enamel reduction is one such method that makes it possible to do orthodontic treatment without extractions. This procedure, which can be done by various techniques, leads to a rise in the temperature of the pulp of the teeth. Previously, studies have been done which have evaluated the temperature changes inside the pulp chamber of extracted teeth, during interproximal enamel reduction. However, no documented literature exists that has evaluated these changes in the live pulp of the teeth whilst interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) is being performed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the temperature changes inside the live pulp of the teeth during various interproximal enamel reduction techniques in vivo. AIMS: Evaluation of temperature rise in the pulp during various interproximal enamel reduction techniques, done in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was performed on patients for whom extraction of premolars had been advised for their orthodontic treatment. Fifty-one premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups of IPR, i.e. using airotor and bur, handheld metal strip and orthodontic IPR kit (oscillating system). IPR was performed on the mesial and distal sides after access opening, temperature change was recorded during IPR and the readings were compared. The Shapiro-Wilk test was utilized for checking whether the data satisfied the requirement of normal distribution. RESULTS: The highest temperature rise was seen in group 1 in which interproximal enamel reduction was performed using airotor and bur. The minimum temperature rise was observed in group 2 in which interproximal enamel reduction was done using the handheld metal strip, whereas the temperature rise observed in group 3, in which interproximal enamel reduction was done using IPR kit, was between the range of group 1 and group 3. The temperature change was in the following order-group 1 (2.08 °C) > group 3 (1.22 °C) > group 2 (0.52 °C). CONCLUSION: None of the methods used to perform interproximal enamel reduction caused a temperature increase more than 5.5 °C, beyond which pulp necrosis may occur. Therefore, all three methods used in the study for IPR were found to be safe.

Treatment of Class II Division 2 Pattern Malocclusion Using Protraction Utility Arch in a Prepubertal Patient: A Clinical Case Report.

Class II malocclusions are one of the most commonly encountered problems in orthodontics. A class II division 2 type of malocclusions is one in which there is distocclusion of the molars along with retroclined central incisors. These occur but quite rarely in the practice and not many varieties of treatment modalities have been published in the recent literature. The use of protraction and retraction utility arch has been advocated in the following case along with fixed orthodontic treatment in a prepubertal male child to obtain stable results. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kannan S, Saravanan S, Arora N, et al. Treatment of Class II Division 2 Pattern malocclusion Using Protraction Utility Arch in a Prepubertal Patient: A Clinical Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):416-420.

Mindful awareness for female dental students through yoga, motivational video, and a combination of two on stress reduction.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the potential effect of yoga, motivational videos, and a combination of two on stress reduction in female dental students. METHODS: The current study design is a nonrandomized trial carried out among female dental students (n = 120). The selected subjects were allocated into three groups, namely, group A: yoga group assigned under a professional yoga instructor, group B: motivational video group, and group C: a combination of two (A and B) involving yoga sessions and motivational videos; following which formative examinations were carried out at 6 weeks which were referred to as stressor 1 and those carried out at 12 weeks were referred to as stressor 2. Using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-A) recordings were measured at baseline, stressor 1, and stressor 2. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in trait anxiety scores at both stressors in all the groups with a significant reduction in depression score from stressor 1 to 2 in group 1 and group 3 subjects. The significant decrease occurred in STAI-A scores in group 1 and group 3 subjects at both stressors (P < 0.001) with no change observed in group 2 subjects. CONCLUSION: The present study is one of a kind and positively correlates yoga and motivational videos with stress reduction. Both of these interventions proved to be beneficiary for physical as well as mental health of study subjects.

Comparison of stability changes of various palatal implants.

AIM: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate stability changes in palatal implants during the early stages of bone healing with chemically modified sandblasted/acid-etched (modSLA) titanium surface compared with a standard sandblasted (SLA) titanium palatal implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A statistically significant number (n = 40; 24 females and 16 males) of adult subjects who volunteered and have their informed consent for participating in the study were selected. These volunteers were randomly allocated to the experimental group (modSLA surface) and to the control group (SLA surface) with 20 subjects in each group. Documentation of implant stability was done by assessing resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at implant insertion, followed by subsequent assessments each week till 12th week from baseline (1-12 weeks). RFA values were expressed as an implant stability quotient (ISQ). RESULTS: Immediately after installation of implant, the ISQ values for both surfaces tested were not significantly different and yielded mean values of 75.28 ± 5.23 for the control and 73.16 ± 4.81 for the test surface. In the first 2 weeks after implant installation, both groups presented only small changes and thereafter a reducing trend in the mean ISQ levels. In the test group, after 4 weeks a tendency toward increasing ISQ values was observed, and 6 weeks after surgery the ISQ values corresponded to those after implant insertion. For the SLA control group, the trend changed after fifth week and yielded ISQ values corresponding to the baseline after ninth week. After 12 weeks of observation, the test surface yielded significantly higher stability values of 78.68 ± 2.9 compared with the control implants of 75.5 ± 3.19, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results undoubtedly support and validate the potential for chemical modification of the SLA surface to positively influence the biologic process of osseointegration and also a faster healing.

Effectiveness and importance of powered tooth brushes in tooth movement.

INTRODUCTION: Effectiveness of vibratory stimulus from a commonly available battery-powered tooth brush in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement was tested by a randomized controlled split-mouth study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three subjects with bimaxillary protrusion, requiring extraction of all first premolars and requiring maximum anchorage, were chosen. After initial leveling and aligning, miniscrews were placed between the first molar and the second premolar in the maxillary right and left quadrants and loaded with 150-g nickel-titanium closed-coil springs for individual canine retraction. Additional 5 min of vibratory stimulus thrice daily was applied on the experimental side. The mean treatment duration was 3 months. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of means of the canine distal movement between the experimental and the control sides (P = 0.70). CONCLUSION: Application of vibratory stimulus with powered tooth brush during canine retraction was not seen to have an acceleratory effect on orthodontic tooth movement.

Kansal Separator As an Effective Fixed Retainer Stabilizer.

Fixed bonded retainers are increasingly being recommended as the only way to ensure long-term stability of an orthodontic treatment result. However, frequent debonding of the fixed bonded retainer is a constant source of frustration for the orthodontist. Bond failure is most commonly attributed to the difficulty encountered in stabilizing the retainer wire in the precise position during the bonding process. This paper presents a clinical approach that makes use of Kansal Separator; a self-secured orthodontic spring separator as a simple, efficient, and dependable fixed retainer stabilizer.