Bimanual phacoemulsification for subluxated cataractous lens.

Bimanual phacoemulsification has been established as a safe and efficacious means of nuclear emulsification in the past. This case report presents the use of this technique in a man in his early forties, who had subluxated cataractous lenses in both eyes. The technique allowed for effective nuclear emulsification within a closed chamber, providing better control over intraocular events. The report emphasizes the safety and effectiveness of bimanual phacoemulsification in cataract extraction, even in challenging cases like a subluxated lens.

Goniotomy on Goat's Eye (GOGE) Model: To Improve Angle-based Surgery Skills of the Residents.

PURPOSE: To describe a realistic goat's eye model to aid in surgical training of ophthalmology residents for improvising skills in intraoperative gonioscopy and incisional goniotomy surgery. METHODS: This study provides a descriptive report explaining the step-by-step methodology for setting up a goat's eye model to train the ophthalmology residents in both intra-operative gonioscopy and incisional goniotomy. The goat's eyeball was prepared and mounted within the socket of a mannequin head. The mannequin head was tilted and microscope angulation was adjusted to allow adequate visualization of angle structures. Following intra-operative visualisation of angle structures through a Swan Jacob lens, incisional goniotomy was performed using a microvitreo-retinal blade on approximately 120° nasal angle. The model was found to produce reproducible results when tested on 22 trained residents. CONCLUSION: The Goniotomy on Goat's Eye (GOGE) model can provide a realistic and a relatively inexpensive tool for resident surgeons to develop bimanual coordination and enhance their surgical skills to perform effective intraoperative gonioscopy and incisional goniotomy surgery.

Intrascleral haptic fixation for haptic exposure after Yamane technique.

A 55-year-old patient presented with exposure of both the haptics beyond the conjunctiva of the scleral fixated multipiece intraocular lens (IOL). Two diagonally opposite scleral pockets were created, and the exposed haptics was redirected and repositioned aseptically into these pockets to facilitate intrascleral fixation. Herein, we report a simple rescue method for management of exposed haptic after Yamane technique of scleral fixated IOL.

Seizure-related injuries in inadequately treated epilepsy patients: A case-control study.

PURPOSE: To compare epilepsy-related injuries in untreated or inadequately treated patients and patients on adequate treatment. METHODS: In a cross-sectional case-control study, seizure-related injuries in patients who were either on no treatment or inadequate treatment were compared with another group of patients receiving appropriate evidence-based epilepsy treatment. The inadequately treated patients or 'cases' were drawn from an outreach epilepsy clinic while the adequately treated patients or 'controls' were recruited from a tertiary care facility providing comprehensive epilepsy management. RESULTS: The odds of injury were eight times higher in inadequately treated patients or cases compared to the adequately treated patients or controls. After adjusting for gender, epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, current medication, and number of AEDs, the odds of injury were 15. 8 times higher in the cases. Major injuries such as burns, fractures, and tooth injuries were also higher in the cases. CONCLUSION: Untreated or inadequately treated epilepsy patients have a significantly higher risk of injuries. With adequate treatment, some of the risks of injury can be mitigated.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Abstinent MDMA Users: A Review.

Ecstasy or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular drug of abuse. In the animal studies MDMA has been shown to have deleterious effects on the serotonergic neurotransmitter system. Understanding the adverse effects of MDMA on human brain function is of considerable importance owing to the rising number of MDMA users. Various neuroimaging studies have investigated the structural, chemical and functional differences in the brain integrity of chronic MDMA users. Various neurocognitive domains like working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, visual stimulation, motor function and impulsivity have been compared between chronic MDMA users and nonusers using fMRI. The fMRI studies remain much more sensitive in studying the neurological deficits associated with chronic MDMA use as compared to the cognitive studies alone and therefore they serve as a prelude in our understanding of MDMA induced neurotoxicity. However they still face certain limitations contributing to inconsistency in the results and further research is needed before we can draw definitive conclusions regarding the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.