RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nicotine dependence (ND) is characterized by regular smoking, anxiety, irritation, difficulty concentrating, impatience, restlessness, tremor, dizziness, hunger, nicotine demand, and the individual's reluctance to quit despite knowing the health risks of smoking. Recently, it has been reported that the Neuregulin 3 (NRG3)/Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) signaling pathway plays a role in ND. NRG3, which is activated after nicotine intake, binds to ERBB4 and causes GABA release. GABA reduces anxiety and tension, which are one of the nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Therefore we aimed to investigate the relationship between NRG3 and ERBB4 gene polymorphisms and ND. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was comprised of patients with ND (n = 200) and healthy non-smoker control subjects (n = 200) who were matched for age, sex, and compared for comorbidity factors such as alcohol, smoking, duration, and education (age range 18-60). Genotypes were detected by Real-Time PCR using TaqMan technology. The Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FTND) score was 5 and above for the patient group and 0 for the control group. DNA was obtained from whole peripheral blood and six polymorphisms of Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) (rs1836724, rs7562566, and rs10048757) and Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4) (rs1764072, rs6584400, and rs10883934) genes were analyzed by real-time PCR method. RESULTS: Our findings show that the six selected SNPs are not significantly associated with ND in the Turkish population and no correlation with dependence levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although our findings do not show a relationship between ND and these polymorphisms, it is the first study to investigate these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the first time in ND and to find some genotypes in the Turkish population when compared to other populations. Also, our findings are important in terms of their contribution to the literature and forensic genetics.
