Effect of tranexamic acid irrigation on perioperative blood loss during orthognathic surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.

PURPOSE: Perioperative hemorrhage is an important concern during orthognathic surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) irrigation on perioperative hemorrhage during orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 56 participants who underwent orthognathic surgery were divided into 2 groups. The patients in the first group received TXA irrigation with normal saline (1 mg/mL), and the patients in the second group had normal saline for irrigation during orthognathic surgery. Age, gender, operation duration, the amount of irrigation solution used, and preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, and weight were the variables that were studied. The use of TXA solution for irrigation was the predictive factor of the study. RESULTS: Each group consisted of 28 patients. Group 1 consisted of 15 male patients (53.6%) and 13 female patients (46.4%) and group 2 consisted of 14 male patients (50%) and 14 female patients (50%). There was no difference in the distributions of the variables between the 2 groups, except for the duration of the operation. The mean duration of the operation was 3.94 ± 0.61 hours in group 1 and 4.17 ± 0.98 hours in group 2, and the difference in this respect between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P < .05). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 817.85 ± 261.83 mL in group 1 and 575.00 ± 286.90 mL in group 2 (P < .05). The mean volume of irrigation was 1,057.14 ± 407.04 mL in group 1 and 843.57 ± 275.48 mL in group 2 (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: TXA is effective in reducing intraoperative blood loss in patients for whom substantial blood loss is anticipated.

Outcomes of arthrocentesis for the treatment of internal derangement pain: with or without corticosteroids?

PURPOSE: Arthrocentesis (AC) is an acceptable treatment modality in the treatment of internal derangement (ID) pain. This study evaluated outcomes of AC on pain relief of ID pain with or without corticosteroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with ID pain who were randomly assigned to 2 groups (30 in each group) for AC. The AC of the upper joint space was then performed by using Ringer lactate under local anesthesia in both groups. In the second group, the procedure was followed by the administration of a single-dose intra-articular dexamethasone (8 mg). Assessments were made at baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), and 6 months (T6) after AC; pain, maximum mouth opening, and joint sounds before and after treatment up to 6 months were evaluated. Pain severity was documented according to Visual Analogue Scale. Age, sex, and skeletal maxillomandibular relationship were considered as variable factors, and irrigation with or without corticosteroids was a predictive factor of the study. Pain, click, and maximum mouth opening were other assessment outcomes of the study. RESULTS: Comparison of age, sex, and skeletal relationship did not show any significant differences between the 2 groups. Results did not demonstrate any difference for click between the 2 groups. Comparison of pain severity in T0, T1, and T2 between the 2 groups did not show any significant differences (P < 0.05). The repeat measure test revealed a significant change in T0, T1, and T2 for both groups (P < 0.001). MMO significantly changed between T0 and T1 and T0 and T6 in the 2 groups without any significant differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: The AC is an effective procedure for a short-term reduction of pain in temporomandibular disorder cases. It seems that AC using Ringer solution with or without corticosteroids may have the same effect on pain relief.