An investigation of the relationship between nutritional behaviours and nutritional self-efficacy in children.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the nutritional behaviours of secondary school children and the factors affecting their nutritional self-efficacy as well as the relationship between nutritional behaviours and nutritional self-efficacy. METHODS: We determined from the BMIs of the 462 students participating in the study in the Fethiye district of Mugla province that 48.5% were underweight, 46.5% were normal and 5% were overweight. RESULTS: The participating children's grade in school and their father's education affected their nutritional behaviours. We observed at the same time that the 'child's grade in school', 'father's education' and 'income level' affected the 'Nutritional Self-Efficacy Scale' mean score. A positive and significant relationship was found between the Nutritional Self-Efficacy Scale and Nutritional Behaviour Scale mean scores of the children participating in the study. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a useful recommendation for health professionals working in programmes aiming to improve children's eating habits would be to focus on initiatives that improve nutritional self-efficacy and nutritional behaviours.

Effects of Oral Stimulation and Supplemental Nursing System on the Transition Time to Full Breast of Mother and Sucking Success in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral stimulation and a supplemental nursing system on the time to full maternal breastfeeding and sucking success in preterm infants. The sample consisted of 70 preterm babies. Oral motor stimulation and a supplemental nursing system were applied to the preterm infants in the experimental group, while no intervention was applied to those in the control group. Significant differences were found between the two groups concerning transition time to oral feeding, transition weight, transition time to full maternal breast, discharge age, duration, and weight, LATCH mean scores, continuing to suck in the first month after discharge, and weight averages. Oral stimulation and a supplemental nursing system shortened the transition period to oral feeding and full breastfeeding, increased breastfeeding rates and the sustainability of breastfeeding, and did not affect the period of discharge and vital signs during feeding in preterm babies.

The Effect of a School-Based Sun Protection Program on Students' Sun Protection Behavior in Turkey.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to discover whether a school-based sun protection program (SPP) developed in line with the transtheoretical model (TTM) had an impact on students in an intervention group in the stages of change of developing sun protection behavior, reducing the number of sunburns adolescents sustain, and in terms of their perceptions of pros and cons and self-efficacy, as compared to the control group. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was designed as pre-/posttest control group semi-experimental research. The research was carried out with 376 adolescents in two schools. One of the schools was randomly designated as the intervention group of students and the other represented the control group. The chi-square test and the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance were used in the analysis of the data. The SPP formed the basis for the program. RESULTS: The control group's sunscreen use and sun avoidance stages were behind and their self-efficacy mean scores significantly lower than the intervention group after the implementation of the SPP (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that a SPP was effective in achieving progress in the TTM for sun protection. It can be suggested that school nurses will find it useful to make use of the sun protection program. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: School nurses who provide protective healthcare services can play an effective role in reducing the exposure of children and adolescents to the sun and promoting the development of sun protection behavior in schools.

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey.

Aflatoxins comprise a group of mycotoxins that are found in the environment. Exposure to aflatoxins has been reported to cause serious health problems in humans. Since aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is secreted in breast milk, the exposure of infants to this toxin is an important concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, levels of, and factors associated with the presence of AFM1 in breast milk of mothers in Fethiye, Turkey. Breast milk samples were taken from 100 mothers who had given birth over the period of October-November 2017. The AFM1 content of the samples was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lowest limit for milk samples in the Ridascreen® AFM1 commercial test kit is 5 ng/L. Because of this, AFM1 levels below 5 ng/L in the breast milk samples were assessed as negative. Of the breast milk samples tested, 53 were positive. The average AFM1 amount in the positive samples was 6.36 ng/L (ppt; range 5.10-8.31 ng/L). Mothers who were housewives, lived in damp, humid houses, or ate spices or dried fruits and vegetables had significantly greater prevalence of AFM1 in their breast milk than those who were employed, did not report dampness or mold in the home, or did not eat spices or dried fruits and vegetables. AFM1 in breast milk could be an important risk factor for infant health. Informing the public about food safety could reduce the amount of AFM1 being transferred into breast milk via food channels.

An Analysis of Computer Game Addiction in Primary School Children and Its Affecting Factors.

BACKGROUND: Computer games are included in next-generation technologies in today's developed visual media world. They are attractive to all ages, but the dramatic increase in the use of computer games in children and adolescents is remarkable. This study aims to determine the computer game addiction in primary school children and its affecting factors. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 476 students among 952 students enrolled in three primary schools in Fethiye, Mugla. Data were collected from the students using the "Child Information Form" and the "Computer Game Addiction Scale for Children." The data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, independent samples, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis. RESULTS: This study found that there was a statistically significant difference between gender, class grade, level of income, mothers' educational level, the presence of a game console/computer at home, and the computer game addiction scale scores (p < .05). It was also found that students who spend more time on the Internet and playing computer game constitute the most at-risk group for computer game addiction (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Some interventions can be planned to decrease computer game addiction particularly in male students, children and families with low income and educational level, and students who have computers and game consoles at home with longer duration of gaming and Internet use with the cooperation of schools, school nurses, teachers, and parents.

An Analysis of the Relationship Between High School Students' Tendency Toward Violence, Self-Esteem, and Competitive Attitude.

This study analyzes the relationship among high school students' tendencies toward violence, self-esteem, and competitive attitudes. It was conducted in Fethiye, Mugla, between September 2013 and January 2014. The population of the study consisted of 6,531 students from 11 high schools. The participants were determined using stratified random sampling, and the study data were collected from 1,600 students. A personal information form, the Violence Tendency Scale, the Competitive Attitude Scale, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools. In this study, the rate of the participants who were exposed to violence was 15.4%. Of them, 46.2% said that one of their family members was violent toward them, while 27.3% said that their teachers had been violent toward them. Of the participants that were exposed to violence, 55.8% reported psychological violence, 27.3% reported physical violence, and 10.8% reported sexual violence. In the study, tendency toward violence is a dependent variable, while competitive attitude and self-esteem are independent variables. Family type, exposure to violence, and demographics are control variables. Age, class, school, family attitude, and exposure to violence are the variables that created significant differences in the tendency for violence. The present study showed that there was an inverse and weak yet significant relationship between the students' tendencies toward violence and competitiveness (r = -.169), and a positive and weak relationship between tendency toward violence and self-esteem (r = .238). Also, there was an inverse and low-level significant relationship between competitiveness and self-esteem (r = -.121). The variables which affect the tendency toward violence are gender, exposure to violence, competitiveness, age, self-esteem, and extended family type in a descending order regarding their importance. The predictive power of the variables on the tendency toward violence was 16.8%, which is not statistically significant.

Investigation of Problematic Mobile Phones Use and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Level in Adolescents.

The aim of the study is to define problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and level of fear of missing out developments in social media (FoMO) in adolescents. The study sample consisted of 1630 students. The data were collected using fear of missing out scale (FoMOS), and scale for problematic mobile phone use (PU). Statistically significant differences were found the mean scores on PU according to gender, age, and academic success. The students' mean scores on PU and FoMOS were found to significant difference depending on frequency of social media and phone use. A significant relationship was found between the mean scores for FoMOS and PU. The regression analyses showed that the independent variables predict 27.5% of PMPU.

The Family Burdens and Hopelessness of Turkish Parents of Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the hopelessness and family burden levels of parents who have children with intellectual disabilities. DESIGN: This was a descriptive correlational study. METHODS: The study was conducted at a specialized education and rehabilitation center in Fethiye, Turkey, using the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Burden Assessment Scale for Families of Children With Intellectual Disabilities, and the study sample included a total of 95 parents of children with intellectual disabilities. FINDINGS: A positive relationship was found between the total scores for hopelessness and the family burden including economic burden, perception of inadequacy, social burden, physical burden, emotional burden, and the required time (p < .05). The study found that the higher the level of family burden on parents, the more hopeless families felt. CONCLUSION: This study's findings may help rehabilitation nurses to understand the hopelessness of parents and help them find appropriate resources to cope with their burden. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nurses should be specialized in the field of rehabilitation and, as rehabilitation nurses, be included in providing integrated care, family education, and counseling services for disabled people in Turkey.

Children's postoperative symptoms at home through nurse-led telephone counseling and its effects on parents' anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate children's postoperative symptoms at home after outpatient surgery through nurse-led telephone counseling and the effects of the nurse-led telephone counseling on parents' state-trait anxiety scores. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this prospective randomized controlled study, nurse-led telephone counseling was provided every day to parents in the intervention group until they came for the follow-up visit. Parents of children (n = 54) ages 3-17 years who had undergone outpatient surgery for appendicitis, cholecystectomy, or ovarian cysts were eligible to participate in the study. On the first postoperative day and at the follow-up visit, the Spielberger State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered to parents who were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 24) and control groups (n = 30). RESULTS: The parents reported on postoperative symptoms such as pain, activity levels, excretion, sleep, nutrition, and wound infection. While there was no difference in STAI scores for parents between the groups at the first postoperative day, there was a significant decrease in STAI scores in the intervention group versus the control group, with parents in the intervention group reporting lower anxiety scores. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Our results suggest that nurse-led telephone counseling is effective at reducing anxiety in parents of children after outpatient surgery.

The Turkish version of the breastfeeding attrition prediction tool.

This study demonstrates that the original English version of the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT) was successfully adapted to Turkey, as methodologically demonstrated here. The results of this study show that the Turkish version of the BAPT is similar to the original version and that it can be used with Turkish women to identify mothers who may be at high risk of weaning prematurely.