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1.
J Antibiot (Tokyo) ; 60(9): 572-6, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17917240

RESUMO

We describe novel rifamycins that have improved activity, compared with rifampin, against clinical isolates of staphylococci and streptococci, with MIC(90)s of 0.008 and 0.0005 microg/ml, respectively. This enhanced antibacterial activity, along with their potential lack of drug-drug interactions, are considerations that suggest the potential of these novel rifamycins in combination therapy to treat serious Gram-positive infections.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cocos Gram-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Rifamicinas/farmacologia , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Medicamentosas , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus agalactiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Int J Antimicrob Agents ; 20(2): 100-7, 2002 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12297358

RESUMO

During 1999-2000, 5015 isolates were collected from 13 countries and tested against levofloxacin. Overall, levofloxacin resistance minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC>or =8 mg/l) was found in 40 isolates (0.8%). The highest resistance rates were in Hong Kong (8.0%), China (3.3%) and Spain (1.6%). Levofloxacin retained an MIC(90) of 1 mg/l in all countries. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of resistant isolates demonstrated the presence of clones in countries where levofloxacin resistance exceeded 1%, suggesting that the elevated resistance rates could result from resistant clones within participating hospitals. DNA-sequence analysis of the quinolone-resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes showed that the most common mutations were in GyrA (Ser81Phe), ParC (Ser79Phe, Lys137Asn) and ParE (Ile460Val), accounting for 40% of the isolates tested. Levofloxacin-resistant isolates were generally non-susceptible to other fluoroquinolones tested. Future studies to characterise resistant isolates by other molecular methods may ensure that the appropriate counter-measures can be taken to control the spread of resistant isolates.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Levofloxacino , Ofloxacino/farmacologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ásia/epidemiologia , DNA Girase/genética , DNA Topoisomerase IV/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mutação , Fenótipo , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética
4.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 46(8): 2651-5, 2002 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12121949

RESUMO

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among 4,940 U.S. pneumococcal isolates collected during 1999 was as follows: penicillin, 16.2%; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 12.2%; cefuroxime, 28.1%; ceftriaxone, 3.6%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 30.3%; azithromycin, 21.4%; levofloxacin, 0.6%; and moxifloxacin, 0.1%. Compared to the previous 1997-1998 study (Jones et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2645-2652, 2000), increases were noted for resistance to penicillin (3.7%; P < 0.001), amoxicillin-clavulanate (3.9%; P < 0.001), cefuroxime (5.7%; P < 0.001), azithromycin (2.4%; P = 0.014), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15.4%; P < 0.001), and levofloxacin (0.3%; P = 0.017). Resistance to ceftriaxone (0.1%; P = 0.809) and moxifloxacin (0.03%; P = 0.570) decreased. Concurrently, multidrug resistance increased (P < 0.001) from 6.3% to 11.3%.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
5.
J Clin Microbiol ; 40(3): 1063-6, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11880440

RESUMO

A 2000-2001 U.S. Haemophilus influenzae surveillance study (n = 1,434) detected nine (0.6%) beta-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates collected from two different hospitals. The MICs of ampicillin for all nine isolates were 4 microg/ml, with results being reproducible; and all nine isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, cefprozil, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA following SmaI digestion demonstrated identical patterns for each of the nine isolates, suggesting intra- and interhospital dissemination of a BLNAR clone.


Assuntos
Resistência a Ampicilina , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/análise , Haemophilus influenzae/enzimologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
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