The detoxification of cadmium in Japanese quail by pomegranate peel powder.

Environmental pollution and exposure to toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) can cause severe and chronic diseases and have significant side effects on vital organs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel on biochemical factors and lipid peroxidation in intoxication by Cd in Japanese quail. Two hundred seventy quails in different groups were fed diets containing Cd and pomegranate peel from 6 to 35 days old. Then, serum biochemical parameters were assessed, including liver enzymes, urea, and thiobarbituric acid. In the quails, Cd significantly increased MDA, urea, and AST (P < 0.05). Adding pomegranate peel at 1.5 and 2% levels decreased these parameters significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary enrichment using pomegranate peel reduced the adverse effects of Cd by improving lipid peroxidation, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urea in Japanese quail.

Novel Niosome-Encapsulated 2,5-Diketopiperazine (BHPPD): Synthesis, Formulation, and Anti-breast Cancer Activity.

In the course of this investigation, a brand-new noisome-encapsulated 2,5-diketopiperazine (BHPPD) was developed, synthesized, and assessed. Utilizing CCK-8, invasion screens, MTT test, flow cytometry, and cell cycle analysis, we evaluated the anti-breast cancer properties of niosome-encapsulated BHPPD. Apoptosis-related gene expression and cytotoxicity was measured using quantitative real-time PCR and MTT assays. This meta-analysis showed a significant drug-binding affinity for intestinal protease. The spherical mean diameters of the free BHPPD, the F1 niosomal-BHPPD, and the F2 niosomal-BHPPD were all determined to be108.91 ± 4.2, 129.13 ± 7.2 nm, and 149.43 ± 3.2 nm, respectively. Also, it was found that the entrapment efficiency (EE%) of the F1 formulations of BHPPD that was niosome-encapsulated was 81.01 0.09% and that it was 70.22 0.13%, respectively. Early, late, necrotic, and viable MCF-7 cells were present in the cells with F1 formulation in proportions of 38.24%, 34.34%, 4.02%, and 23.40%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the treatment group's expression of the genes P57, Prkca, MDM4, Map2k6, and FADD was considerably greater (P < 0.001). Furthermore, compared to control cells, cells in the treatment group expressed less BCL2 and survival genes (P < 0.001). Moreover, formulations of BHPPD encapsulated in niosomes showed a biocompatible nanoscale delivery method and exhibited little cytotoxicity against the HEK-293 standard cell line. According to the findings, formulations of BHPPD with niosome-encapsulation might be viable for boosting anticancer activity.

MicroRNA-372 acts as a double-edged sword in human cancers.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are non-coding, single-stranded, endogenous RNAs that regulate various biological processes, most notably the pathophysiology of many human malignancies. It process is accomplished by binding to 3'-UTR mRNAs and controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As an oncogene, miRNAs can either accelerate cancer progression or slow it down as a tumor suppressor. MicroRNA-372 (miR-372) has been found to have an abnormal expression in numerous human malignancies, implying that the miRNA plays a role in carcinogenesis. It is both increased and downregulated in various cancers, and it serves as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. This study examines the functions of miR-372 as well as the LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA signaling pathways in various malignancies and analyses its potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.

Induction of apoptosis by hydroalcoholic and methanolic extract of Deracocephalum kotschyi on Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection. Dracocephalum kotschyi (D. kotschyi) belongs to the family of Labiatae. Its antispasmodic and analgesic properties are well known in Iran. This work aimed to look into the antitrichomonal activity of D. kotschyi extracts against T. vaginalis in vitro. D. kotschyi was gathered in Isfahan Province, Iran, and extracts were prepared and isolated. Later, T. vaginalis trophozoites obtained from Iran, which are metronidazole-sensitive, were incubated with various doses of extracts. Cell viability was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and percentage of growth inhibition (GI%). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined by MTT assay on the J774.A1 cell line. The effect of extracts during the initial stage of apoptosis was assayed using the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD Pharmingen™). Compared to MTZ, extracts generated more efficient lysis on T. vaginalis trophozoites. Evaluation of the in vitro anti trichomonal properties of D. kotschyi essential extracts shows that it effectively induces apoptosis on T. vaginalis between 100 and 500 µg/ml after 48 h without toxicity on hematopoietic cells. According to this study, D. kotschyi extracts induce programmed death in T. vaginalis. The extracts of D. kotschyi can be used to develop antitrichomonal drugs.

Tetracycline resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolated from enteric disease in companion birds.

Anti-microbial resistant genes could be passed to human via the food chain or by direct contact with infected birds. To evaluate tetracycline resistance genes in the feces of companion birds suspected to enteritis, 100 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic companion birds in Isfahan province, Iran. The presence of Escherichia coli was examined by bacteriological, biochemical, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. The presence of genes associated with resistance to tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO and tetS genes) was examined using a multiplex PCR. The results showed that in enteric birds, 43.00% of fecal samples contained E. coli. In 26 resistant E. coli, 11, 12 and 3 strains contained tetA (42.30%), tetB (46.15) and tetA plus tetB (11.53%) resistant genes, respectively. In conclusion, E. coli isolates from the enteric problem of companion birds contained tetracycline resistant genes that may transfer to human and pose a risk for antibiotic effectiveness in the treatment of infectious diseases in human.

The co-administration effects of florfenicol and lasalocid on performance, biochemical and pathological parameters of muscle, heart, liver, kidney and sciatic nerve in broiler chickens.

The study aimed to examine the effect of simultaneous application of florfenicol and lasalocid on the performance and vital organ function of chickens. For this, 300 chicks were divided into four groups. Group one to three received florfenicol, lasalocid and lasalocid plus florfenicol, respectively. Group four as the control group received a basic diet without lasalocid or florfenicol. Lasalocid was used from 7 to 35 days old, continuously. Florfenicol was used at 21 days old for 5 days. The growth indices were measured at the end of each week. The chickens were euthanized at the ages of 28 and 35 days old after collecting blood samples with and without anticoagulants. The liver, heart, muscle, kidney and sciatic nerve were collected in formalin 10% for histopathological examination. The blood and serum samples were used to determine clinical pathologic and hematologic indices. The ratio of internal organs to body weight and ratio of the right ventricle to the total ventricles (RV/TV) of the heart was measured. Results showed, the use of lasalocid decreased feed conversion rate and triglyceride, and increased total protein. Simultaneous administration of lasalocid and florfenicol affected histopathology of the liver and heart and significantly increased creatine phosphokinase, uric acid and the ratio of RV/TV of heart. The eosinophil percentage in the chickens who received florfenicol plus lasalocid was significantly higher than chickens who received florfenicol alone (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it seems that simultaneous administration of the florfenicol and lasalocid induces side-effects especially on cardiac function and it is not recommended.

Dual role of microRNA-1297 in the suppression and progression of human malignancies.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded and tiny RNAs that modulate several biological functions, more importantly, the pathophysiology of numerous human cancers. They are bound with target mRNAs and thereby regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. MiRNAs can either trigger cancer progression as an oncogene or alleviate it as a tumor suppressor. Abnormal expression of microRNA-1297 (miR-1297) has been noticed in several human cancers suggesting a distinct role for the miRNA in tumorigenesis. More specifically, it is both up-regulated and down-regulated in various cancers suggesting that it can act as both tumor suppressor and oncogene. This review systematically highlights the different roles of miR-1297 in the pathophysiology of human cancers, explains the mechanisms underlying miR-1297-mediated tumorigenesis, and discusses its potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic importance.

A systematic review on the effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on improvement of biological and fertility indices of sperm in laboratory animals, poultry and humans.

There is an evidence that ginger enhance semen quality via improving different sperm parameters mainly count, viability, motility, morphology and DNA integrity. According to research results in various species, ginger seems to have strong antioxidant properties (due to the presence of active phenolic compounds) and androgenic activity. Ginger improves semen quality and increases fertility of sperm by disrupting the production of free radicals, dissolving oxidative chain reactions, reducing oxidative stress and altering the levels of gonadotropin hormones (LH, FSH) and sex hormones (such as testosterone). The antioxidant and androgenic properties of ginger give a sperm with normal morphological structure (head, middle and tail) and more integrated chromatin. The rate of DNA failure and damage to the mitochondrial genome in these cells is minimal and they have the most progressive motility, the highest viability and the best fertility. Therefore, the use of the ginger significantly improves the biological parameters of sperm (number, total motility, survival rate and normal morphology) and also increases all specialized fertility indicators of sperm. Tacking account of lacking literature and possibility of toxicity and adverse effect of ginger on vital organ, further clinical trial especially on evaluating the safety and clinical effect must be considered. Also, dose and duration of consumption by monitoring of health indicators and biochemical changes in all species such as human, animal and poultry must be applied.

Packaging of beef fillet with active chitosan film incorporated with ɛ-polylysine: An assessment of quality indices and shelf life.

In the current study, the effect on packaged beef fillets (1 × 5 × 8 cm) of using active chitosan film (1%) was investigated. The fillets were stored at 4 °C for 12 days, and the film contained ɛ-polylysine (ɛ-PL) (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% w/w). Chemical, microbiological, sensory properties, and quality indices of the fillets were investigated. Added to these factors was an assessment of the influence of ɛ-polylysine incorporation on the optical, structural, barrier, and mechanical specifications (elongation at break and tensile strength) of chitosan films. Based on the findings, a significant difference among the corresponding values to thickness, color, water vapor permeability (WVP), and mechanical specifications between the treated films by ɛ-PL and untreated films were noted. In addition, higher values of thickness and tensile strength were correlated with ɛ-PL added active chitosan films while compared with control samples. Additionally, no significant differences regarding the proximate composition (including protein, moisture, and fat) among beef fillet samples were observed. In this regard, due to significantly lower levels of pH, TVB-N, and TBARS ɛ-PL in enriched films, this technique demonstrated some protective effects on beef fillets. Another observation was that lower levels of the total viable count, coliform, mold, yeasts, and higher sensory properties were significantly associated with samples with added ɛ-PL (0.9%). Therefore, adding ɛ-PL into chitosan films could be introduced as an effective technique to extend the shelf life of beef fillets and maintain their quality indices during refrigerated storage.

Prevalence of class 1 integron in Escherichia coli isolated from animal sources in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Among the genetic elements, integrons may contribute to the widespread incidence and spreading of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates. Accordingly, this review aims to investigate the prevalence of class 1 integron in E. coli isolated from animal sources in Iran. METHODS: This systematic literature search was performed from January 1, 2000 to the end of May 1, 2019.Then, publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis. Also, the quality of included studies was independently assessed by two researchers based on the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-analysis was performed by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software using the random effects model, Cochran's Q, and I 2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. RESULTS: Based on inclusion criteria, five studies were included to meta-analysis. From those studies, the pooled prevalence of integrons was 33% (95% CI, 23.8-43.7%) ranging from 23.8 to 52.4%. There was a significant heterogeneity among the 5 studies (χ 2 = 11.73; p < 0.019; I 2 = 65.91%). Additionally, Begg's and Egger's tests were performed to quantitatively evaluate the publication biases. According to the results of Begg's test (z = 1.22, p = 0.22) and Egger's test (t = 3.03, p = 0.056), a significant publication bias was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding revealed the relatively high prevalence of class 1 integrons among E. coli isolates. Moreover, there was a significant heterogeneity among studies and subgroup analysis also showed that there was no difference about prevalence of class 1 integrons among different sample source.

Systematic review and health risk assessment of arsenic and lead in the fished shrimps from the Persian gulf.

The ingestion of heavy metals through contaminated seafood can causes significant outcomes on human health. In recent years, consume fishes and shrimps has increased in Iran, and several study about heavy metals content in fishes and shrimps from Persian Gulf were carried out to check their food safety. The aims of these systematic reviews and meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence on the relation of the intakes of Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) levels, based on the origin and sub-groups of shrimp species consumed, Hence that we can estimate the risk of oral cancer induced by Pb and As in these groups of shrimp from the persian gulf. We carried out a search of all suitable studies published between 1995 and 2017 in Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Since the heterogeneity among studied was significant, we used the random effect model (REM) to perform meta-analysis of data. Data were obtained from 9 articles (14 studies), with 511 samples, and it was reported that pooled levels of As and Pb in the muscle shrimps were 1.37 (95% CI: 0.66-2.08 mg/kg d.w.) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.33-0.82 mg/kg d.w.), respectively. This pooled levels in muscle shrimps were higher than safe dose reported on Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization guidelines (FAO/WHO). The rank order of shrimps species based on As was Panulirus homarus > Penaeus semisulcatus and for the Pb levels was Litopenaeus vannamei > Panulirus homarus > Fenneropenaeus indicus > Metapenaeus affinis. The lowest and highest risk levels of oral cancer, divided by consumers age groups, were respectively 45-54 (6.94E-04) and 15-24 (8.42E-04) for the Pb, and 45-54 (2.87E-01) and 15-24 (3.51E-01) for arsenic. Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) of Pb and As was higher than 10-4 and 10-3, respectively. All groups (age) of consumers are subject to the cancer risk of due to the consumption of shrimps contaminated by Pb and As, therefore, should be started a control plan for the reduction of the heavy metal bioaccumulation levels in shrimps of the Persian Gulf coupled to a capillary food safety communication.