Quantitative Characterization of the Interaction Space of the Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII, and XIV and their Inhibitors, Using the Proteochemometric Approach.

The critical role of carbonic anhydrases in different physiological processes has put this protein family at the center of attention, challenging major diseases like glaucoma, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and cancers. Many QSAR/QSPR (quantitative structure-activity/property relationship) researches have been carried out to design potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs); however, using inhibitors with no selectivity for different isoforms can lead to major side-effects. Given that QSAR/QSPR methods are not capable of covering multiple targets in a unified model, we have applied the proteochemometric approach to model the interaction space that governs selective inhibition of different CA isoforms by some mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters. Internal and external validation methods showed that all models were reliable in terms of both validity and predictivity, whereas Y-scrambling assessed the robustness of the models. To prove the applicability of our models, we showed how structural changes of a ligand can affect the selectivity. Our models provided interesting information that can be useful for designing inhibitors with selective behavior toward isoforms of carbonic anhydrases, aiding in their selective inhibition.

An ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface for the F(2) dimer.

Two analytical representations for the potential energy surface of the F(2) dimer were constructed on the basis of ab initio calculations up to the fourth-order of Møller-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory. The best estimate of the complete basis set limit of interaction energy was derived for analysis of basis set incompleteness errors. At the MP4/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, the most stable structure of the dimer was obtained at R = 6.82 au, theta(a) = 12.9 degrees , theta(b) = 76.0 degrees , and phi = 180 degrees , with a well depth of 716 microE(h). Two other minima were found for canted and X-shaped configurations with potential energies around -596 and -629 microE(h), respectively. Hexadecapole moments of monomers play an important role in the anisotropy of interaction energy that is highly R-dependent at intermediate intermolecular distances. The quality of potentials was tested by computing values of the second virial coefficient. The fitted MP4 potential has a more reasonable agreement with experimental values.