Quorum sensing inhibition and antibiofilm action of triterpenoids: An updated insight.

Development of biofilm is a protective strategy for invading bacterial pathogens against host immune response and administered antimicrobials. Quorum sensing (QS) mediated alteration of gene expression profile have been identified as the key modulator of biofilm dynamics. In the context of rapid and prompt emergence of antimicrobial resistance and tolerance, there is an urgent demand to develop alternatives to available interventions to control biofilm associated infections. Exploring phytochemicals products remains a viable approach to find new hits. Various plant extracts and purified phyto-compounds have been explored against model biofilm formers and clinical isolates for QS-inhibition and prospective anti-biofilm action. Triterpeniods, with the potential to perturb QS and impairing biofilm formation and stability against a number of bacterial pathogens, have been explored and profiled systemically in recent years. Along with the identification of bioactive derivatives and scaffolds, mechanistic insights have also been revealed for antibiofilm action of several triterpenoids. This review offers a comprehensive account of recent studies on QS inhibition and biofilm impairment by triterpenoids and their derivatives.

A study of an EOQ model where the demand depends on time and varying number of tourists using fuzzy triangular norms.

The fundamental prerequisite of decision making is how to aggregate individual expert's preference information. For constructing various aggregation operators on intuitionistic fuzzy set, various kinds of t-norms and co-norms are the most significant tools. This work takes a closer look on various fuzzy triangular norms and uses them for the first time in an economic order quantity (EOQ) model. Traditional economic theory has a paradigm shift on objective factors affecting demand such as price and income. Recently, behavioural economics gives more weightage to psychological and social factors that affect our preferences and choices in markets differently. As per literature survey concern, this paper may indeed be the first to adopt the concept of the number of variations of a tourist's dependent demand in inventory management problems. Utilizing several triangular norms, we have characterized Attanassov (standard) and non-Attanassov's (non-standard) feasible region. A case study has been performed for numerical illustration and model validation. A solution algorithm, has also been developed which proves Attanassov's solution space is quite inferior to non-Attanassov's domain. Finally, sensitivity analysis and graphical illustrations are also provided to justify the model.