[Trials of penetration modification by inflammatory infiltrating cells into Trichinella spiralis larva capsules]. / Próby modyfikacji przechodzenia komórek nacieku zapalnego do torebek larw Trichinella spiralis.

The inflammatory infiltration cells penetrating through the larval capsule walls were observed. The observation were carried out in the masseter muscle of the mice infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae only (control) or infected and treated with PHA-P, TFX or dexamethason. The more numerous cells, than in the control, in the mice treated with PHA-P and TFX were seen. Opposite, the fever numerous cells inside the capsula walls in the mice that received dexamethason were found. The authors supposed that the phenomenon of inflammatory cells penetration through larval capsule play an important role in the defence mechanisms of the host.

Attempts of modification of apoptosis in the course of experimental trichinellosis in mice.

The influence of the some immunomodulators (PHA-P, TFX and dexamethasone) on the process of apoptosis, occurring in the course of trichinellosis in mice, has been studied. It has been found that PHA-P activates this process in the jejunum mucosa and prolongs it in the muscular inflammatory infiltration, whereas TFX has no influence and dexamethasone distinctly decreases the level of the apoptotic cells. The number of the intestinal trichinae on the successive days of infection was similar in all groups of animals, however, the number of the muscular larvae in the groups receiving immunostimulators was much lower and in the group treated with dexamethasone--a little higher than that in control. As in mice receiving PHA-P and TFX, the cellular inflammatory infiltration in the muscles was larger than that in control, and in the group to which dexamethasone was administrated--smaller, the authors think that it was extensiveness of the infiltration and not the level of the apoptotic cells that influenced the number of the outliving larvae.

The phenomenon of apoptosis in the course of experimental trichinellosis in mice.

Mice infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae were killed at 3-69 days post infection (dpi) and the jejunum and masseter muscles were sectioned in a cryostat and examined in the Tunell method with "In situ Cell Detected Kid POD" of Boehringer-Mannheim. Data concering the exact localization and dynamic of apoptic cells in both organs are presented. The authors conclude that apoptosis plays a important role in the pathogenesis of trichinellosis.

Macrophages during infection with Trichinella spiralis in mice.

Behaviour of macrophages in experimental mice trichinellosis was investigated using the immunoenzymatic technique with monoclonal antibodies CD11b/CD18 within the framework of avidin-biotin-DAB. The maximum and earliest mobilization of macrophages 7 day post infection (dpi) was observed in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. The highest level of macrophages in the muscles tissue was noted on day 21 of infection, however as early as in 28 dpi, their maximum level was observed inside the larval capsules. They line, especially between 35-42 dpi internal capsule surface.

The cells observed inside capsules of larvae in the course of experimental trichinellosis in mice.

In the course of trichinellosis in mice the numerous cells inside larval capsules were observed. Beginning on 14 day post infection (dpi) they were seen in about 7% of infected muscles fibers but at 21 dpi the percentage of capsules with the cells amounted to 77. In the next stage of infection the number of capsules containing cells continued to increase and reach almost 100% at 60 dpi. The identification of the cells was carried out by the indirect immunoenzymatic method using anti-CD4+, anti-CD8+ and anti-macrophage (Mac-1 antigen) monoclonal antibodies. In course of observation the level of CD4+ cells decreased from 11.3 to 0.7, of CD8+ from 17.7 to 3.0 and of macrophages from 71.0 to 23.1%. The most numerous CD4+ cells were seen at 14 dpi while the CD8+ and macrophages at 21 dpi. Beginning on 28 dpi negatively reacting cells inside larval capsules were also observed. The number of these cells increased from 23.8 to 73.2% at 60 dpi and their identification requires further investigations. The role and the function of all these cells are discussed.

[The influence of ricin on the course of experimental infections of mice with Trichinella spiralis]. / Wplyw ricinu na przebieg doswiadczalnego zarazenia myszy nicieniami Trichinella spiralis.

Mice received 5 ng of ricin 24 hours after infection (experiment I) or 1 ng of ricin twice, 24 hours and 17 days of infection (experiment II). Animals were killed in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 60 days after infection. In the jejunum and masseter muscle sections, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, mast cells and eosinophils were studied. Heavy suppression of CD8+ lymphocytes, strong eosinophils and less pronounced mast cells stimulation was observed in the jejunum of mice received ricin (experiment I). Worm expulsion in intestine was faster than in the control (opposite results in experiment II). The composition of cells infiltration in the muscle was in both experiments similar to the control, however, fewer CD4+ lymphocytes were observed in larva capsule and there were fewer muscle larvae. Therefore CD8+ cells are believed to take part in restricting only the muscle stage of trichinellosis.

[The influence of phytohemagglutinin P on CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the course of experimental trichinellosis in mice]. / Wplyw fitohemaglutyniny P na zachowanie sie komórek CD4+ i CD8+ w przebiegu eksperymentalnej wlosnicy u myszy.

Experiments were carried out with mice of CFW inbred strain infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae and divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental mice were injected with phytohaemagglutinin P (PHA-P), 24 h before infection. The all animals were killed between 7-133 days post infection and the pieces of spleens, mesenteric lymph nodes, jejunum and masseter muscles were sectioned in a cryostat and examined with monoclonal antibodies (anti-Thy 1, 2, anti-CD4+ and anti-CD8+) by immunoenzymatic method. In the animals treated with PHA-P, more numerous CD4+ cells were observed in comparison with the control. The CD8+ cells were stimulated only in the muscles. The most important problem were the CD4+ and CD8+ cells inside the larvae capsules. The role of the CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the immunopathological changes in the course of trichinellosis was discussed.

CD4+ and CD8+ cells in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis and treated with cyclosporine A.

The mice infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae were injected intraperitoneally with Cyclosporine A (CyA) between 14-18 days post infection (dpi). The drug was administered in a dosis of 50 mg/kg/day. The animals were killed at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 60 dpi and the fragments of spleen, mesenteric lymph node, jejunum and musculus masseter were sectioned in a cryostat and fixed in acetone. The slides were examined with monoclonal sera by the immunofluorescent or immunoenzymatic method. It was found that the number of CD4+ cells in the control and in the CyA-treated mice was similar but in the animals receiving the drug the reaction was less intensive. The stimulation of CD8+ cells of CyA treated mice--especially in the jejunum--was stronger than in the control animals. This fact is important because the CD8+ cells are the APC cells in this organ.

The influence of adriamycin on the CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the course of trichinellosis in mice.

The effect of adriamycin on the behaviour of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the course of trichinellosis in mice has been studied. The animals infected with 200 larvae per mouse were administered intraperitoneally adriamycin (Adriblastin from Farmitalia) at 1st and 28th day post infection (dpi), in a dosis of 0.2 mg. The mice were killed weakly for 6 weeks and then at the 60th dpi. The examinations were made on histologic sections from the spleen, mesenteric lymph node, jejunum and masseter muscle using immunofluorescent and immunoenzymatic methods with monoclonal antibody. The mice receiving adriamycin exhibited more CD8+ cells in the intestinal mucosa and by the end of the experiment also in the muscles in comparison with the control animals, which, however, did not affect the course of the infection.

[Effect of cyclosporin A on the course of the muscular phase of trichinellosis in mice]. / Wplyw cyklosporyny A na przebieg miesniowej fazy wlosnicy u myszy.

The authors tried to determine the role of TH lymphocytes in the course of muscular trichinellosis in mice. The investigations were carried out on the CFW mice infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae and treated with Cyclosporine A to suppress TH1 lymphocytes. In animals treated with the drug more numerous cells inside the larval capsules and more numerous granulomas compared to control were seen. At the same time the mean number of larvae was lower (69.2%) than in control. The results show that TH1 lymphocytes do not play the significant role in the destruction of muscular larvae. This is the first conclusion and requires of course further investigations.

[Influence of nalcrom (sodium cromoglycate) on the course of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in mice]. / Wplyw Nalcromu (sodium cromoglycate) na przebieg jelitowej fazy wlosnicy u myszy.

The influence of Nalcrom (sodium cromoglycate) on the course of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in mice was investigated. The animals infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae were treated with Nalcrom between 7-20 or 3-20 days after infection (d.a.i.). The drug was administered in two doses: 0.6 or 1.7 mg/mouse/day. In the all groups of animals received Nalcrom higher number of mast cells and eosinophils than in the control groups was observed. These results are the opposite of those obtained with Nalcrom in ulcerative colitis in man.

[The level of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cells in some organs of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis]. / Poziom komórek reagujacych z blekitem nitro-tetrazoliowym (NBT) w wybranych narzadach myszy zarazonych Trichinella spiralis.

The percentage of NBT-positive cells in peritoneal fluid, spleen and mesenteric lymph node of CWF mice infected orally with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae was investigated. The highest level of NBT-positive cells in peritoneal fluid was found on the 5-6th and 50-60th day post infection (p.i.), in spleen between the 30-75th and in mesenteric lymph node between the 50-75th day p.i. The lack of reaction between peritoneal fluid cells and newborn migrating larvae at the 15th and 20th day p.i. observed by the authors, may be associated with slight activity of these cells in the NBT reduction test between 8-30th day p.i.

Thin layer chromatography of p-aminophenol in urine after mixed exposure to aniline and toluene.

A simple method of evaluating p-aminophenol in the urine of people exposed simultaneously to aniline and toluene relies on separating p-aminophenol from hippuric acid and other physiological components of the urine by thin layer chromatography. The adsorbents and developing system have been thus fixed to make possible the separation of p-aminophenol from hippuric acid, urea, and creatinine and their quantitative determination. This method also makes possible the determination of p-aminophenol in urine in the presence of hippuric acid. Hippuric acid is a physiological component of urine and also the metabolite of toluene, so the determination of p-aminophenol is possible also after simultaneous exposure to both compounds: aniline and toluene. At the same time the concentrations of urea and creatinine as additional factors may be determined. The limit of detection of the method is: 5 micrograms/ml for p-aminophenol, 9 micrograms/ml for hippuric acid, 8 micrograms/ml for urea, and 6 micrograms/ml for creatinine.