Synthesis and antitumor activity of benzimidazolyl-1,3,5-triazine and benzimidazolylpyrimidine derivatives.

Triamino-substituted 1,3,5-triazine and pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for antitumor activities using some human cancer cell lines and murine leukemia cell lines. All the compounds having benzimidazolyl and morpholino groups as substituents on the 1,3,5-triazine ring showed antitumor activity. Pyrimidine derivatives having the same groups as substituents also showed antitumor activity. Among them, the compounds having 1-benzimidazolyl, morpholino and cis-2,3-dimethylmorpholino groups as substituents on the 1,3,5-triazine ring or pyrimidine ring exhibited the most potent antitumor activity, and these compounds exhibited no or very weak aromatase inhibitory activity. In contrast, the compounds having imidazolyl group instead of benzimidazolyl group as a substituent on the 1,3,5-triazine ring showed a potent aromatase inhibitory activity.

Monoclonal antibody based differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates.

Isolates of Coxiella burnetii from different geographic regions in Europe, USA, Japan and Africa were compared in their binding properties to the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 1/4/H directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of C. burnetii strain Priscilla. Immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed different binding patterns of C. burnetii isolates under study. Most of the isolates tested did react with MoAb 1/4/H. Only four of 20 groups of isolates and one isolate of an otherwise positively reacting group did not react with MoAb 1/4/H. The results indicate a significant variation of LPS structure of the C. burnetii isolates studied.

Monoclonal antibody based capture ELISA/ELIFA for detection of Coxiella burnetii in clinical specimens.

A CAPTURE ELISA/ELIFA system based on monoclonal capture and biotinylated monoclonal detection antibody is described. The assay is fast, highly specific and detects a minimum dose of 2500 Coxiella (C.) burnetii particles. In contrast to the sophisticated and cumbersome isolation procedures, even non-specialized laboratories could use this assay system for investigating clinical samples of different origin for C. burnetii within a short period of time.

Monoclonal antibody based capture ELISA/ELIFA for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in veterinary clinical specimens.

A capture ELISA/ELIFA system based on monoclonal capture and biotinylated monoclonal detection antibody with specificity for an epitope on chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is described. The assay is fast, specific and detects a minimum dose of approximately 2000 chlamydial particles (C. psittaci). Unlike other commercially available test kits, it comprises a proteinase K treatment to exclude non-specific binding of antibodies to Fc receptors. In contrast to the sophisticated and cumbersome isolation procedures, even non-specialized laboratories may use this assay system for the investigation of clinical samples of different origin for the presence of C. psittaci within a short period of time. Due to the genus specificity of the monoclonal antibody used C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae can be detected as well.

Detection of Coxiella burnetii by the immunoperoxidase technique.

An immunoperoxidase method using Coxiella (C.) burnetii-specific hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits, and swine anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugate was applied to visualize C. burnetii in BGM cell cultures. The technique proved to be highly specific and did not result in any unspecific background staining. The technique was applied successfully to study the organism during multiplication in vacuoles of epithelial cells and in the phagolysosomes of macrophages. Preliminary results further indicate that the technique may be useful for the detection of the pathogen in tissues and milk samples.

The knowledge of parents of children with diarrhea on oralit at the department of child health, Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan.

PIP: Over the October 1-December 30, 1981 period, the parents of all inpatients and outpatients at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan (Indonesia) were interviewed to assess their knowledge or oralit, an oral rehydration treatment. The interviewer asked the educational level of the parents, knowledge and use of oralit, source of information, where oralit was obtained, and whether or not oralit is kept at home. 285 parents were interviewed. 227 had knowledge of oralit, but only 153 had used it; 58 had never heard of it. The primary information source was doctors (63.9%); newspapers and magazines (1.8%) had a minor role. Dispensaries (86.9%) were the places where people obtained oralit easily. Only 74 (48.3%) of the users kept oralit at home; 41 sometimes had it available; and 38 (24.9%) never had it. The main reason (44.3%) why the parents of children with diarrhea never kept it at home was the easy availability of oralit. Of 128 patients who sought treatment from medical staff (doctors and nurses) before they came to the hospital to be treated as inpatients or outpatients, 49% of the doctors and 50% of the nurses did not give oralit beforehand. The promotion of oralit would be more successful if village leaders, teachers, youths, and women's organizations participated in the program.^ieng