Aging alters the molecular dynamics of synapses in a sexually dimorphic pattern in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The zebrafish has become a popular model for studying normal brain aging due to its large fecundity, conserved genome, and available genetic tools; but little data exists about neurobiological age-related alterations. The current study tested the hypothesis of an association between brain aging and synaptic protein loss across males and females. Western blot analysis of synaptophysin (SYP), a presynaptic vesicle protein, and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and gephyrin (GEP), excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic receptor-clustering proteins, respectively, was performed in young, middle-aged, and old male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio) brains. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that PSD-95 significantly increased in aged females and SYP significantly decreased in males, but GEP was stable. Thus, these key synaptic proteins vary across age in a sexually dimorphic manner, which has been observed in other species, and these consequences may represent selective vulnerabilities for aged males and females. These data expand our knowledge of normal aging in zebrafish, as well as further establish this model as an appropriate one for examining human brain aging.

Short-term dietary restriction in old zebrafish changes cell senescence mechanisms.

Brain aging is marked by a decline in cognitive abilities and associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have shown, neurogenesis continues into adulthood but is known to be decreasing during advancing age and these changes may contribute to cognitive alterations. Advances, which aim to promote better aging are of paramount importance. Dietary restriction (DR) is the only non-genetic intervention that reliably extends life- and health-span. Mechanisms of how and why DR and age affect neurogenesis are not well-understood, and have not been utilized much in the zebrafish, which has become a popular model to study brain aging and neurodegenerative disease due to widely available genetic tools. In this study we used young (8-8.5months) and old (26-32.5months) zebrafish as the model to investigate the effects of a short-term DR on actively proliferating cells. We successfully applied a 10-week DR to young and old fish, which resulted in a significant loss of body weight in both groups with no effect on normal age-related changes in body growth. We found that age decreased cell proliferation and increased senescence associated ß-galactosidase, as well as shortened telomere lengths. In contrast, DR shortened telomere lengths only in young animals. Neither age nor DR changed the differentiation patterns of glial cells. Our results suggest that the potential effects of DR could be mediated by telomere regulation and whether these are beneficial or negative remains to be determined.