La surveillance de la poliomyelite au Togo

Cet article traite de la couverture vaccinale contre la poliomyelite au Togo. Cette etude basee sur la surveillance part de 1965. L'evolution de ce programme montre aujourd'hui une baisse considerable du nombre de cas. D'ou la necessite de poursuivre la surveillance dynamique de la poliomyelite au Togo

Development of health surveillance in Togo, west Africa.

Since 1988, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Togo, with technical assistance from CDC, has systematically adapted and strengthened its health information system (HIS) to enable improved monitoring of trends in diseases. The previous system had been hampered by complicated, lengthy reporting forms; incomplete and delayed receipt of reporting forms; absence of mortality reporting; slow, cumbersome manual compilation and analysis methods; and lack of standard case definitions. To simplify the adaptation process, the system was divided into three main activities: data collection, data compilation and analysis, and dissemination of reports and follow-up action. Public health authorities in Togo have built on existing strengths and successfully adapted the HIS to focus on national morbidity and mortality prevention priorities.

[The enlarged program of vaccination in Togo (1980-1990). Realities and perspectives]. / Le programme élargi de vaccination au Togo (PEV 1980-1990). Actualités et perspectives.

The Expanded Programme on Immunization in Togo began in 1980 in the provinces and extended to the whole country in 1984. At the present time, the immunization coverage of children under one year of age is of 43% and 63% for the tetanus immunization of women. The epidemiological impact is being notable on the incidence of measles, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis but efforts are still necessary for mothers' information.

Home treatment of febrile children with antimalarial drugs in Togo.

In Togo, the principal strategy for preventing death from malaria in children is prompt treatment of fever with antimalarial drugs. A household survey was conducted in a rural area of south-central Togo in which information was collected from mothers on the treatment received by 507 children under 5 years of age who, according to their mothers, had recently had fever. Altogether, 20% of the children (95% confidence interval (Cl): 15-25%) were seen at a health centre during their illness, while 83% (95% Cl: 76-90%) were treated at home with an antimalarial drug. Of the children in the latter group, 97% received the drug on the first day of fever. In contrast, only 17% of children who attended a health centre were seen on the first day of their fever. Chloroquine, usually obtained from a street or market vendor, was used for 94% of the treatments given at home. Based on children's weights and treatment histories provided by their mothers, the median total dosage of chloroquine given at home was 12.8 mg per kg body weight--more than that recommended and known to be fully effective in Togo at the time of the survey (10 mg per kg) and less than the total dosage recommended at present (25 mg per kg). The dosage administered was considered to be inadequate for 70% of home treatments, because less than 10 mg per kg was given during the first 24 hours of treatment. In the study area, parents were the main providers of antimalarial drug treatment to children with fever and need guidance on the correct dosage of chloroquine.

Home treatment of febrile children with antimalaria drugs in Togo

In Togo, the principal strategy for preventing death from malaria in children is prompt treatment of fever with antimalaria drugs. A household survey was conducted in a rural area of south-central Togo in which information was collected from mothers on the treatment received by 507 children under 5 years of age who, according to their mothers, had recently had fever. Altogether, 20 percent of the children (95 percent confidence interval (CI):15-25 percent) were seen at the health centre during their illness, while 83 percent (95 percent CI:76-90 percent) were treated at home with an antimalarial drug. Of the children in the latter group, 97 percent received the drug on the first day of fever. In contrast, only 17 percent of children who attended a health centre were seen on the first day of their fever. Chloroquine, usually obtained from a street or market vendor, was used for 94 percent of the treatments given at home. Based on children's weights and treatment histories provided by their mothers, the median total dosage of chloroquine given at home was 12.8 mg per kg body weight -more than that recommended and known to be fully effective in Togo at the time of the survey (10 mg per kg) and less than the total dosage recommended at present (25 mg per kg). The dosage administered was considered to be inadequate for ...(AU)

Single-dose chloroquine therapy for Plasmodium falciparum in children in Togo, West Africa.

Chloroquine, in a single dose of 10 mg of base/kg, was given orally to Togolese children less than 5 years of age as primary therapy for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A simplified World Health Organization in vivo method was used, as was a sequential analysis procedure for determining if the drug trial was a success or failure. A total of 178 children in 3 regions were treated; 174 (98%) responded successfully, which required a greater than or equal to 75% reduction in parasites by day 2 and elimination of parasites by day 7. All 4 failures had low blood levels of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine at day 7. A single dose of chloroquine for treating malaria can be considered for those areas of Africa where the efficacy of such therapy is documented, and where an antimalarial drug sensitivity monitoring system is operating.