External oxidant-free and transition metal-free synthesis of 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles as promising antibacterials against ESKAPE pathogen strains.

A new route to 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives via reaction of N-chloroamidines with isothiocyanates has been proposed. The advantages of this method are high product yields (up to 93%), the column chromatography-free workup procedure, scalability and the absence of additive oxidizing agents or transition metal catalysts. The 28 examples of 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives obtaining via the proposing protocol were evaluated in vitro against ESKAPE pathogens strains (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae). It was found that compounds 5ba, 5bd, 6a, 6d and 6c have potent antibacterial activity (MIC values 0.09-1.5 µg mL-1), which is superior to the activity of commercial antibiotics such as pefloxacin (MIC 4-8 µg mL-1) and streptomycin (MIC 2-32 µg mL-1). The additional cytotoxic assay of hit compounds on PANC-1 cell line demonstrated the low or non-cytotoxicity activity at the same level of concentrations. Thus, these 5 compounds are promising starting point for further antimicrobial drug development.

Stacking Interactions: A Supramolecular Approach to Upgrade Weak Halogen Bond Donors.

The co-crystallization of tetracyanobenzene (TCB) with haloarenes ArX provided six new co-crystals TCB ⋅ ArX (ArX=PhCl, PhBr, 4-MeC6 H4 Cl, 4-MeC6 H4 Br, 4-MeOC6 H4 Cl, 1,2-Br2 C6 H4 ) which were studied by X-ray diffraction. In these systems, the strong collective effect of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions and lone pair-(X)⋅⋅⋅π-hole-(C) bondings between TCB and ArX promote the strength of X⋅⋅⋅Ncyano halogen bonding (HaB). Theoretical studies showed that the stacking interactions affect the σ-hole depth of the haloarenes, thus significantly boosting their ability to function as HaB donors. According to the molecular electrostatic potential calculations, the σ- hole-(Cl) value (1.5 kcal/mol) in the haloarene 4-MeOC6 H4 Cl (featuring an electron-rich arene moiety and exhibiting very poor σ-hole-(Cl) ability) increases significantly in the stacked trimer (TCB)2 ⋅ 4-MeOC6 H4 Cl (12.5 kcal/mol). Theoretical DFT calculations demonstrate the dramatic increase of X⋅⋅⋅Ncyano HaB strength for stacked trimers in comparison with parent unstacked haloarenes.

Synthesis, Structure, and Antiproliferative Action of 2-Pyridyl Urea-Based Cu(II) Complexes.

Relying on a recently suggested protocol that furnishes convenient access to variously substituted 2-pyridyl ureas, twelve hitherto unknown Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized in the present work and their structures were evaluated by elemental analysis, HRMS, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction study. Two structural motifs ([Cu(L)2Cl]+[Cl]- or (Cu(L)2Cl2) depending on the substitution pattern on the 2-pyridine fragment were revealed. In addition, antiproliferative action of the obtained compounds have been investigated against lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H1975), and healthy WI-26 VA4 cells were used to monitor non-specific cytotoxicity. Two nitro-group substituted complexes Cu(U3)2Cl2 (IC50 = 39.6 ± 4.5 µM) and Cu(U11)2Cl2 (IC50 = 33.4 ± 3.8 µM) demonstrate enhanced activity against the drug resistant NCI-H1975 cells with moderate selectivity toward normal WI-26 VA4 cells. The antiproliferative mechanism of cell death underlying the growth inhibitory effect of the synthesized complexes was studied via additional experiments, including the cell cycle analysis and the apoptosis induction test. Reassuringly, certain 2-pyridyl urea-based Cu(II) complexes exerted cell line-specific antiproliferative effect which renders them valuable starting points for further unveiling the anticancer potential of this class of coordination compounds.

Deprotonated diaminocarbene platinum complexes for thermoresponsive luminescent silicone materials: both catalysts and luminophores.

C,N-Chelate deprotonated diaminocarbene platinum(II) complexes were synthesized by coupling coordinated isocyanides and azinyl-substituted ureas. The complexes act as catalysts of α,ω-divinylpolydimethylsiloxane and poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane) hydrosilylation cross-linking. Silicone rubbers obtained with (aminoisoquinoline)-containing complex 3d exhibit temperature-responsive luminescence. Their emission changes irreversibly when heated from 80-100 °C (green radiation) to 120 °C or more (blue radiation).

Catalyst-free synthesis of substituted pyridin-2-yl, quinolin-2-yl, and isoquinolin-1-yl carbamates from the corresponding hetaryl ureas and alcohols.

A novel catalyst-free synthesis of N-pyridin-2-yl, N-quinolin-2-yl, and N-isoquinolin-1-yl carbamates utilizes easily accessible N-hetaryl ureas and alcohols. The proposed environmentally friendly technique is suitable for the good-to-high yielding synthesis of a wide range of N-pyridin-2-yl or N-quinolin-2-yl substituted carbamates featuring electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups in the azine rings and containing various primary, secondary, and even tertiary alkyl substituents at the oxygen atom (48-94%; 31 examples). The DFT calculation and experimental study showed that the reaction proceeds through the intermediate formation of hetaryl isocyanates. The method can be applied to obtain N-isoquinolin-1-yl carbamates, although in lower yields, and ethyl benzo[h]quinolin-2-yl carbamate has also been successfully synthesized (68%).

Synthesis of pyrimido[1,6-a]quinoxalines via intermolecular trapping of thermally generated acyl(quinoxalin-2-yl)ketenes by Schiff bases.

Acyl(quinoxalin-2-yl)ketenes generated by thermal decarbonylation of 3-acylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-1,2,4(5H)-triones react regioselectively with Schiff bases under solvent-free conditions to form pyrimido[1,6-a]quinoxaline derivatives in good yields.