RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify and analyze the factors leading to extubation failure among very low birth weight infants in a specific tertiary care setting in Al Ain, emphasizing clinical and demographic variables. The study used medical data of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019, and evaluated the incidence and risk factors associated with extubation failure. METHODS: Data was collected from the hospital's electronic records and tabulated in Excel sheets, with extubation failure defined as reintubation due to deterioration of respiratory condition within seven days post-extubation. The data was collected from the period of 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019. Inclusion criteria included babies admitted to the NICU with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks, or of birth weight ≤1500 grams who were intubated within the first seven days of life. Results were analyzed using SPSS software, version 9.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago) to determine the risk factors for extubation failure and short-term outcomes. RESULTS: Gestational age, birth weight, antenatal steroids, mode of delivery, number of Survanta® (beractant intratracheal suspension) doses, Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), Mean Airway Pressure (MAP), Mean Arterial Pressure (Blood Pressure (BP)), and Infectious Diseases (ID) (indicated by a positive blood culture) were found to be the key predictors of extubation failure in very low birth weight infants at a tertiary care hospital in Al Ain. The most common reasons for reintubation were FiO2 > 50% (23.53%), followed by Respiratory Acidosis (20.59%). Other factors, including maternal chorioamnionitis, Apgar scores, indication for intubation, caffeine, and pre-and post-extubation laboratory values, comorbidities, and hemoglobin (Hgb), creatinine and sodium levels were found to have no effect on the success of extubations. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research indicate that factors such as gestational age, birth weight, prenatal steroid use, delivery method, the quantity of Survanta® doses, PEEP, MAP, MAP (BP), and ID (+ve blood culture) were the primary determinants of unsuccessful extubation in VLBW babies at a tertiary healthcare facility in Al Ain. The predominant cause for needing reintubation was a FiO2 level above 50%, followed by Respiratory Acidosis. Additional ®®investigations are required to validate these findings and pinpoint other potential predictors of extubation failure within this demographic.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections associated with both early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). METHODOLOGY: This descriptive retrospective surveillance research was conducted on all neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU with bacterial sepsis, where positive cultures were isolated from sterile sites (either cerebrospinal fluid or blood) at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, from January 2012 and December 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was performed. RESULTS: The incidence of LOS (94.43%) was higher compared to EOS (5.56%). The most prevalent isolates (59.2%) were gram-positive bacteria, with gram-negative bacteria accounting for 40.8%. The leading isolates included coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS, 40.98%), Klebsiella (16.04%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.46%), Escherichia coli (8.24%), Pseudomonas (7.57%), and Group B Streptococcus (GBS, 5.12%). CONS were predominant in LOS cases (42.9%), while GBS was the main pathogen in EOS cases (44%). CONCLUSIONS: We observed reduced resistance levels of CONS against ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, oxacillin, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfa. S. aureus exhibited increased resistance to erythromycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, and levofloxacin, while E. coli demonstrated decreased resistance against cephalothin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfa. The antibiotics currently employed empirically appear to provide adequate coverage against the most prevalent bacteria causing early- and late-onset neonatal infections.
