[How to manage patients with atrial fibrillation in a general hospital]. / Problemy organizatsii vedeniia bol'nykh s fibriliatsiei predserdii v usloviiakh mnogoprofil'nogo statsionara.

AIM: To evaluate efficacy of use of technological charts (TC) in upgrading management and treatment safety in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of AF patients were compared: 196 patients treated before introduction of TC (group 1) and 431 patients managed according to TC technology (group 2). RESULTS: In group 2 treatment duration reduced from 26.1 to 18.5 days, rehospitalizations occurred by 6% less frequently, number of unexpected side effects fell 2.5-fold, the rate of varfarin prescription for prevention of thromboembolic complications rose from 18 to 64%, the patients were satisfied with the treatment in 97% vs past 79%. CONCLUSION: TC was a tool of treatment improvement and introduction of the latest clinical recommendations into clinical practice with reference to facilities and staff qualification of an individual hospital without additional financial input.

[Risk and prevention of atrial fibrillation of non-valvular origin]. / Risk i profilaktika fibrilliatsii predserdii neklapannoi étiologii.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. In patients with AF, cardioembolias present about 10% of ischemic strokes. Transesophageal echocardiography is an ideal instrument for diagnostics of intracardiac thrombi. An aim of the study was to find the high risk markers for stroke in patients with AF of non-valvular origin. The patients have been divided into 2 groups with and without stroke in anamnesis. To search for stroke dependence of clinical and echocardiographic high risk markers, the data were analyzed using Poly Analyst Power statistical package. In the group of the patients with stroke in the anamnesis, echocardiographic markers for high risk of thromboembolia occurred significantly more frequently. Thrombi in the left atrial or its appendage were registered in 12.5% patients without stroke in anamnesis and in 31% of those, who survived stroke. The independent risk factors for stroke were age, AF duration, left ventricular ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

[Effects of inmecarb on alcohol intake and the state of hepatic cytochrome P-450 system during various stages of experimental alcoholism in rats]. / Vliianie inmekarba na potreblenie alkogolia i na sostoianie sistemy tsitokhroma P-450 pecheni na raznykh stadiiakh éksperimental'nogo alkogolizma u krys.

The influence of the new anti-alcohol drug Inmecarb on the alcohol consumption as well as on activity of the liver cytochrome P-450 system was studied in rats during chronic alcohol intoxication in the free choice situation between water and 15% ethanol solution. It was shown that voluntary alcohol consumption of different duration (10 days to 8 months) does not change the activity of liver cytochrome P-450 system. Inmecarb treatment (40 mg/kg, i.p. twice a day) during 14 days resulted in decrease of alcohol consumption in rats. This effect was most pronounced in late stages of experimental alcoholism. Inmecarb decreases the cytochrome P-450 content and suppresses the activity of aniline hydroxylase in rats with different duration of voluntary alcohol intoxication, but most pronounced effect was observed during the late stages of experimental alcoholism.

[Effect of septal damage on alcoholic motivation in the rat]. / Vliianie povrezhdeniia peregorodki na alkogol'nuiu motivatsiiu u krys.

Interconnection between predisposition to depressive-like state (DS) in stress situation and heightened addiction to ethanol was studied in nonlinear male white rats. Electrolytic lesion of the septum in animals inclined to the development of DS, led to a change from the passive type of reaction in stress conditions to the active type. The rate of formation of alcoholic motivation in these animals decreased in comparison with sham-operated rats. The effect of the septal lesion in rats with formed addiction to alcohol was less expressed. Conclusion is made that the passive type of reaction in extreme conditions is significant for the formation of alcohol motivation in rats, especially at early stages.

[Formation of experimental alcoholism in a population of crossbred rats]. / Osobennosti formirovaniia éksperimental'nogo alkogolizma v populiatsii besporodnykh belykh krys.

Experiments on random-bred rats were made to study the relationship between the duration of ethanol anesthesia and the time course of alcohol consumption for 8 months. Short-sleeping rats with ethanol anesthesia lasting less than 90 minutes exhibited initially high and steady alcoholic motivation. Meanwhile long-sleeping rats with ethanol anesthesia lasting over 175 minutes demonstrated high level of alcoholic motivation only under stressful conditions. After 8 months of keeping in isolated cages long-sleeping rats demonstrated the same intensity and steadiness of alcoholic motivation as was the case in short-sleeping animals. Long-sleeping rats differed from short-sleeping ones in hypersensitivity to the toxic action of ethanol. It is inferred that in random-bred rats, there are at least two forms of experimental alcoholism.