Overview of the distal radial access from the radial artery occlusion perspective.

Conventional radial access in endovascular surgery has certain limitations, primarily associated with the presence of local complications and radial artery occlusion. Over the past 7 years, distal radial access has exploded into all areas of endovascular procedures, from interventional cardiology to vascular surgery and interventional oncology. However, puncture of the distal radial artery has its own nuances and features: a learning curve, the use of ultrasound navigation in the initial stages of mastering the access, limitations in patients with acute conditions (acute coronary syndrome and stroke). This review aims to analyze on important aspects of the procedure of distal radial access from preparation for it to hemostasis and to explore all data about the new roles of distal radial access in avoiding but also treating radial artery occlusion, as the first thing to begin with the development and implementation of new access.

Some Topical Aspects of the "Sports Heart" Problem. Literature Review. Part 2.

Electrocardiography occupies a special place among a significant list of other methods for diagnosing the pathology of the cardiovascular system of athletes. Often its results differ significantly from those in the general population, being a consequence of the adaptation of the heart to economical functioning at rest and super-intensive work in training and competitions. This review focuses on the features of the "athlete's electrocardiogram (ECG)." In particular, those changes that are not a reason for removing athletes from physical activity, but in combination with known factors can lead to more serious changes up to sudden cardiac death. Fatal rhythm disorders in athletes are described, possible in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, syndrome of ion channel pathology, arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle, etc. Particular attention is paid to arrhythmia due to connective tissue dysplasia syndrome. Knowledge of these issues is necessary to choose the right tactics for an athlete with changes to the electrocardiogram and in the protocol of daily Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram, and a doctor related to sports medicine should be aware of the features of "electrophysiological remodeling" of the athlete's heart, normal and pathological "sports electrocardiogram," about conditions accompanied with the development of serious rhythm disorders and algorithms for examining the cardiovascular system of the athlete.