[Immunological changes in old-age group children with primary and secondary tuberculous infection].

In modern society, there is a rise in the incidence of tuberculosis in all age groups, including children and adolescents. In old age group, a specific inflammation is detectable from Mantoux test results only in every four children. Tuberculous infection is diagnosed in half of cases when they turn to physicians for complains. Disseminated and complicated forms of tuberculosis are more frequently identified in these situations. The immune system has a particular emphasis on the course and outcome of the disease. The authors have established that caseous masses actively form, followed by the stimulation of the adequate cell pathway promoting the limitation of specific inflammation in old-age group children with primary tuberculosis. In secondary forms of tuberculous infection, there is an increase in the level of monocytes where the persistence and multiplication of the causative microorganism, as well as the activation of the humoral pathway inadequate for tuberculous infection are likely to occur, i.e. the infectious agent may be inhibited until activation of the Th-2 pathway of an immune response takes place.

[Predictors of the progress of latent tuberculosis to clinically active one].

The question recently arises as to the diagnosis of tuberculous infection at early stages of its development. Tuberculin diagnosis ranks below due to the rise ofcomorbidity, including allergic diseases. There is increasing evidence for the leading role in the development of this or that type of tuberculous infection. A mathematical model was used to identify 5 major of the 35 laboratory parameters characterizing the immune profile. The equations of classifying discriminant functions derived by the chosen immunological parameters make it possible to formalize data strictly and to organize an immunological screening with a high degree of accuracy in children with unchanged tuberculin sensitivity, without making compound statistical calculations. This fact can meet the requirements of immunological prediction of the development of tuberculosis in children.

[Tuberculin sensitivity in old children with new-onset active tuberculosis].

In recent years, there have been reports on the reduced diagnostic value of a tuberculin test with 2 TE PPD-L. Tuberculin diagnosis is a ground for suspecting tuberculosis only in 25.9 +/- 0.06% of cases in senior pupils and in 10.7 +/- 0.03% amongst adolescents. This is associated with the higher proportion tuberculin-positive individuals and it is very difficult to make the diagnosis in children with monotonous tuberculin sensitivity. A contact with a bacterium-discharging person undoubtedly increases a risk for the disease, but fails to affect the true outcome of delayed hypersensitivity. According to the date of this study, comorbidity and helminthic invasion have no significant impact on tuberculin sensitivity. Reactivation impairs immune homeostasis towards inadequate immune system performance.

[Proliferativeactivity biorhythms of museum and hospital strains of microorganisms].

In series of experiments intraday dynamics of proliferative activity of museum and hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was revealed. Statistically significant circadian and ultradian biorhythms in these strains were detected. Chronoinfrastructure of hospital strains differed from museum ones. This finding allows to detect hospital strains of these bacteria.

[Functioning of opisthorchiasis-tuberculosis parasitocenosis at different stages of invasion (experimental investigation)]. / Funktsionirovanie parazitotsenoza pri opistorkhoze-tuberkuleze v raznye stadii invazii (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

In experiments on golden hamsters the mutual influence of the co-members of opisthorchiasis-tuberculosis parasitocenosis has been established. This mutual influence depends on the stage of invasion and the state of the immune reactivity of the host. After additional immunization of the experimental animals with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) parasitocenosis formed special immune response different from those observed in both opisthorchiasis and tuberculosis. In cases of mixed pathology (opisthorchiasis-tuberculosis), reproduced at the acute stage of invasion, additional body reserves are seemingly switched on, thus leading the immunity system to increased functioning with respect to specific and heterologous antigens. In the chronization of invasion a decreased formation of antibodies to heterologous antigens (SRBC) together with a simultaneous decreased level of specific antiopisthorchiasis and antituberculosis immune response suggest that the reserve capacities of the host immune system, especially of humoral factors, are exhausted.

[Clinico-pathogenetic substantiation of comprehensive therapy of Klebsiella infection with the syndrome of water diarrhea in infants]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie kompleksnoi terapii pri klebsielleznoi infektsii s sindromom "vodianistoi" diarei u detei rannego vozrasta.

The data on the examination of 70 infants with Klebsiella infection are presented. The patho-chemical disorders in the intestine under the action of Klebsiella were followed up in the time course and the adequacy of the pathogenetic therapy of the antiinflammatory and membrane protective destination was substantiated. The efficacies of the comprehensive therapy with the use of indomethacin, essential and dimephosphone and the therapy with antibacterial drugs such as monomycin, kanamycin, polymyxin and gentamicin administered orally were compared. The laboratory investigations, pharmaco-immunologic tests and clinical time course observations demonstrated the preference of the pathogenetic therapy of the patients with Klebsiella infection at the early stages of the watery diarrhea syndrome, when the functional disorders at the cellular level prevailed over the structural-and-morphological ones. In cases with complications the combined use of the pathogenetic and antibacterial drugs was more efficient.

[Autogenous infections in the development of postoperative complications]. / Znachenie autogennogo infitsirovaniia v razvitii posleoperatsionnykh oslozhnenii.

The authors studied the mechanisms of bacterial dissemination in operative wounds in patients after various surgical interventions. It was demonstrated in experiments that during adaptation of the organism to the operative stress, autobacteria enter the blood from the intestinal reservoir and are eliminated through the urinary tract and wound surfaces, if foci of mechanical or toxic destruction exist the autobacteria precipitate in the affected tissues and participate directly in the reparative processes. On the basis of the obtained data it is suggested that the phenomenon of activation and persistence of endogenous microflora exists as one of the syndromes of adaptation of man to the aggression factor, which is aimed at revealing and removing the foci of tissue destruction developing as the result of exposure to the effect of the stress.

[Asymptomatic bacteriuria as the manifestation of a syndrome of the activation and persistence of endogenous microflora in dynamic human adaptation to stress]. / Bessimptomnaia bakteriuriia kak proiavlenie sindroma aktivatsii i persistentsii éndogennoi mikroflory v dinamike adaptatsii cheloveka k stressu.

The analysis has been performed of the mechanisms underlying the origin of asymptomatic bacteriuria as an adaptive reaction in response to surgical aggression. The experiments proved penetration of autobacteria from the intestine to blood channel and organic structures of the animals in the course of adaptation to an operative trauma and consequent elimination of the bacteria from the body. It was observed that endogenic microflora participates in regeneration of macroorganism structures which have lost their morphofunctional integrity due to mechanic and toxic aggression. It is suggested that activation and persistence of endogenic microflora may arise to identify and abolish foci of aseptic destruction during the aggression in adaptation to stress.

[The effect of the physical status of the neutrophil membranes on their functional metabolic activity in hypertension patients]. / Vliianie fizicheskogo sostoianiia membran neitrofilov na ikh funktsional'no-metabolicheskuiu aktivnost' u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

In 76 untreated patients with Stages I-II hypertensive disease, spectrophotometry with lipid specific pyrene fluorescence probe revealed higher microviscosity in the lipid phase of neutrophilic membranes, which was induced by elevated levels of cholesterol and enhanced activation of lipid peroxidation. This resulted in increased functional and metabolic neutrophilic activity which was determined by luminol-dependent zimozan-induced chemiluminescence of whole venous blood. The correlation coefficient between the microviscosity of membranes and the chemiluminescence of neutrophils is 0.82 (p).

[The formation of host-parasite relationships in an experimental mixed pathology of opisthorchiasis-tuberculosis as dependent on the phase of the Opisthorchis infestation]. / Formirovanie otnoshenii khoziain--parazit pri éksperimental'noi mikstpatologii opistorkhoz--tuberkulez v zavisimosti ot fazy opistorkhoznoi invazii.

Superinfection of animals having Opisthorchis invasion with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to destabilization of host-parasite relationships in opisthorchiasis and formation of new host-parasitocenotic interrelations whose manifestation depends on the phase of the invasive process. At the acute invasive phase of mixed pathology (2 weeks) the activity of the host's immune system increases, while the biological activity of helminths and the number of M. tuberculosis colonies decrease. And on the contrary, at the subacute phase of mixed pathology (2.5 months) the activity of the host's immune system decreases, while the reproductive activity of helminths and the isolation rate of M. tuberculosis from pulmonary tissue increases in comparison with the groups of animals with monoinvasion and monoinfection.

[Seasonal characteristics of the circadian rhythm of peripheral blood leukocyte content in Wistar rats]. / Sezonnye osobennosti tsirkadiannykh ritmov soderzhaniia leikotsitov v perifericheskoi krovi u krys linii Vistar.

In Wistar rats, the seasonal variability of acrophase position, mesor value and circadian rhythm amplitudes of total leukocyte count, as well as of percentage and absolute lymphocyte count was revealed. The leukocyte count and absolute lymphocyte content were found highest in spring, while eosinophils--in autumn, neutrophils and monocytes--in winter.

[Anthelmintic therapy of opisthorchiasis in patients with active tuberculosis]. / Antigel'mintnaia terapiia opistorkhoza u bol'nykh s aktivnym tuberkulezom.

Study was based on the clinical and laboratory follow up of 34 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in 12 of whom it was concurrent with opisthorchiasis. The clinical course of the combined pathology and immunopathogenesis were evaluated by the monocytic interleukin-1 capacity to regulate the immune T-system status. In conditions when the course of tuberculosis is aggravated by opisthorchiasis invasion, the number of cases of antibacterial therapy intolerance increases and prognosis of the diseases deteriorates, it is expedient to use the anthelminthic therapy with a new preparation biltricide which also has an immunomodulating action. It was shown that the antibacterial and anthelminthic therapy had a favourable clinical and immunologic effect.

[Comparative analysis of indicators of the immune status of population of the Eastern regions of the USSR]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz pokazatelei immunnogo statusa naseleniia vostochnykh regionov SSSR.

Altogether 1,500 healthy residents of seven cities situated in the Asian part of the USSR were examined. In Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Norilsk, Magadan, Yakutsk and Ussuriisk, the people were examined for the blood levels of T and B lymphocytes, the ratio of regulatory subclasses of T lymphocytes, the concentration of IgG, IgM and IgA, and for the content of immune complexes. Analysis was made of the general and regional regularities in changes seen in the immune system depending on climatic and geographic factors. Parameters of the populations similarity in the regions with different environmental conditions were delineated.

[Autotransfusion of ultraviolet-irradiated blood in destructive pneumonia of young children]. / Autotransfuziia obluchennoi ul'trafioletom krovi pri destruktivnoi pnevmonii u detei rannego vozrasta.

Analysis of the results of clinicoimmunological study of the use of autotransfusion of blood treated by ultraviolet irradiation (ABUVI) in infants with acute purulent destructive pneumonia (APDP) revealed that imbalance of cellular and humoral immunity factors was the main factor determining the severity of the disease. ABUVI is an effective measure for correcting the immune response of the child's organism to the bacterial aggression through adequate production of monocytic phagocytes and plasma cells of the blood. It also influences the completeness of humoral immunity and reduction of T-lymphocyte deficiency in the acute phase of the disease. ABUVI raises the efficacy of complex treatment of toxicoseptic forms of APDR, reduces 1.7-fold the terms of treatment, and reduces considerably the mortality rate of this disease in young children.